Exam 1

Question 1

Dominance

Answer 1

Interaction of alleles at a single locus

Question 2

Epistasis

Answer 2

Interaction between alleles at more than one locus

Question 3

Chromosome

Answer 3

Discontinuous segment of DNA & proteins

Question 4

Locus

Answer 4

Specific location on a chromosome

Question 5

Gene

Answer 5

DNA sequence that encodes for a biological molecule

Question 6

Allele

Answer 6

Variant in a genome

Question 7

Sex-linked inheritance

Answer 7

Pattern of inheritance where locus is segregating on sex chromosome

Question 8

Sex-influenced inheritance

Answer 8

Pattern of inheritance where phenotype is determined by an interaction between genotype & gender

Question 9

Sex-limited inheritance

Answer 9

Pattern of inheritance where expression of genotype depends on the gender of the individual

Question 10

Complete dominance

Answer 10

One allele is completely dominant over the other

Question 11

Partial daominance

Answer 11

One allele is partially dominant of the other

Question 12

No dominance

Answer 12

Neither allele is displays dominance

Question 13

Over dominance

Answer 13

The heterozygote is more represented (higher or lower #) than either of the homozygotes

Question 14

Mendel’s 1st Law

Answer 14

Law of Segregation: At a locus you have a 50% chance of any one allele being transmitted to offspring

Question 15

Mendel’s 2nd Law

Answer 15

Law of Independent Assortment: The transmission of an allele at a locus does not predict which allele will be transmitted at other loci

Question 16

What is the exception to Mendel’s 2nd Law?

Answer 16

Linkage

Question 17

Double recombination

Answer 17

Recombination occurs twice so it appears to be a parental gamete again

Question 18

Singel-Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)

Answer 18

Single base change in DNA

Question 19

Microsatellite

Answer 19

Variable dinucleotide repeat

Question 20

Synonymous mutation

Answer 20

Polymorphism that does not change the amino acid sequence

Question 21

Non-synonymous mutation

Answer 21

Polymorphism that changes amino acid sequence

Question 22

Missense mutation

Answer 22

Variant that changes amino acid sequence or polymorphism that changes amino acid sequence (non-synonymous mutation)

Question 23

Nonsense mutation

Answer 23

Variant that produces a stop codon

Question 24

Point mutation

Answer 24

Single-base pair change or SNP

Question 25

Frameshift mutation

Answer 25

Small insertion or deletion that changes amino acid sequence

Question 26

Copy number variant

Answer 26

Large region of the genome that is copied or deleted

Question 27

Why are linkage and homozygosity mapping often insufficient for identifying a causal variant?

Answer 27

Because the region of the gene is so huge. These methods only get close, but cannot pinpoint.

Question 28

Causal variant

Answer 28

Variant that causes a phenotypic difference among animals

Question 29

3 ways to identify causal variants after using linkage or homozygosity mapping

Answer 29

- Look for genes - Sequence genes - Take out the gene

Question 30

Why is GC pairing stronger than AT pairing?

Answer 30

Because GC has 3 H-bonds, while AT has only 2 H-bonds

Question 31

Purines

Answer 31

Adenine & Guanine

Question 32

Pyrimidines

Answer 32

Thymine & Cytosine

Question 33

How many rings do purines have?

Answer 33

2

Question 34

How many rings do pyrimidines have?

Answer 34

1

Question 35

What is the function of DNA helicase in replication?

Answer 35

Binds to the DNA near the initiator protein

Question 36

What are the functions of single-stranded binding proteins?

Answer 36

Bind to single stranded DNA to keep it from reforming

Question 37

What is the function of DNA polymerase III in replication?

Answer 37

Synthesizes new, complementary strand of DNA

Question 38

What is the function of RNA primase in replication?

Answer 38

Makes RNA primers

Question 39

What is the function of DNA polymerase I in replication?

Answer 39

Removes RNA and replaces it with DNA

Question 40

What is the function of DNA ligase in replication?

Answer 40

Joins DNA strands

Question 41

Okazaki fragments

Answer 41

Small sections of DNA or lagging strand

Question 42

What 2 roles are played by RNA polymerase during transcription?

Answer 42

- Unwinds the DNA double helix | - Synthesizes mRNA

Question 43

3 steps involved in processing RNA

Answer 43

1. 5-prime Guanosine cap 2. 3-prime Poly-A tail 3. Splice out introns

Question 44

What is the function of splicesome?

Answer 44

Removes introns