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Biomechanics Kin 330 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

displacement

A

the straight-line distance in a specific direction from starting (initial) position to ending (final) position

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2
Q

distance traveled

A

a measure of the length of the path followed by the object whos motion is being described, from initial to final position

  • takes into account direction of travel
  • total distance traveled
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3
Q

motion

A

the action or process of change in position

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4
Q

speed

A

rate of motion

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5
Q

velocity

A

rate of motion in a specific direction

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6
Q

average speed

A

distance traveled/time

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7
Q

instantaneous speed

A

the speed of an object at a specific instant of time

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8
Q

true or false

A

if the motion of the object under analysis is in a straight line and rectilinear, with no change in direction, average speed and average velocity will be identical in magnitude

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9
Q

instantaneous velocity

A

the velocity of an object at an instant in time

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10
Q

If your direction of motion changes your ________ changes

A

velocity (velocity changes as direction changes)

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11
Q

acceleration

A

the rate of change in velocity

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12
Q

when an object speeds up, slows down, starts, stops, or changes direction, it is _____

A

accelerating

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13
Q

average acceleration

A

the change in velocity divided by the time it took for the velocity change to take place

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14
Q

true or false: the direction of motion does not determine the direction of acceleration

A

true

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15
Q

projectile

A

an object that has been projected into the air or dropped and is only acted on by the forces of gravity and air resistance

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16
Q

the horizontal displacement of a projectile is determined by what 3 things

A
  1. initial horizontal velocity
  2. initial vertical velocity
  3. initial height
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17
Q

what is the optimal projection angle for maximizing the horizontal displacement of a projectile that’s release height is zero and whos resultant velocity is the same no matter what the projection angle?

A

45 degrees

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18
Q

center of gravity

A

the point at which the entire mass or weight of the body may be considered to be concentrated
“ the point of balance”

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19
Q

a womans center of gravity is ___% of her height from the ground

A

55% - because women tend to have wider pelvic bones and narrower shoulders

20
Q

a mans center of gravity is approximately ____% of his height from the ground

A

57%

21
Q

infants have _____ centers of gravity relative to their height because of their relatively larger heads and shorter legs

A

higher centers of gravity

22
Q

stability

A

the capacity of an object to return to equilibrium or to its original position after being displaced

23
Q

true or false: the height of the center of gravity stays the same

A

true

24
Q

true or false: the height of the center of gravity within a system goes up but vertical jump height decreases

A

true

25
Q

true or false: if movement is occurring the center of gravity is shifting

A

true

26
Q

the stability of an object is affected by:

A
  • the height of the center of gravity
  • the size of the base of support
  • the weight of the object
27
Q

base of support:

A

the area within the lines connecting the outer perimeter of each of the points of support

28
Q

all movement is the result of ______

A

unbalanced forces

“all movement is the result of unbalanced forces”

29
Q

the most stable stance or position an object or person can be in is the one that minimizes ______ ______

A

potential energy

“the most stable stance or position an object or person can be in is the one that minimizes potential energy”

30
Q

contralateral

A

pertaining to or relating to the opposite side

31
Q

ipsilateral

A

on the same side

32
Q

caudal

A

below in relation to another structure

33
Q

cephalic

A

above/superior

34
Q

deep

A

below the surface

35
Q

superficial

A

near the surface

36
Q

distal

A

situated away from the center of the midline of the body

37
Q

proximal

A

closest to trunk

38
Q

dorsal

A

back

39
Q

ventral

A

front

40
Q

volar

A

relating to the palm of the hand or sole of foot

41
Q

there is a ____ degree relationship between a plane of motion and its axis

A

90 degree

42
Q

sagittal plane

A

right and left halves

ex: sit up

43
Q

frontal /lateral/coronal plane

A

front and back halves

ex: jumping jacks

44
Q

transverse, axial, or horizontal plane

A

divides body into top and bottom

45
Q

depression

A

inferior movement

-returning position from shrug

46
Q

elevation

A

shrug movement

47
Q

reduction

A
  • return of spinal cord to anatomical position from lateral flexion
  • adduction of the spine

Biomechanics Kin 330 (2 decks)

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