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Human Diseases > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

A disease caused by fat accumulation in the liver

A

• Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

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2
Q

Population of people highly affected by diabetes

A

• American Indian

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3
Q

Cells of the liver

A

• Hepatocytes

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4
Q

A form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy

A

• Gestational

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5
Q

The most common form of diabetes

A

• Type 2

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6
Q

Looks at the rise and fall of glucose and is used to diagnose diabetes

A

• Glucose Tolerance Test

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7
Q

The type of cell that secretes glucagon

A

• Alpha

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8
Q

Once insulin binds to the cell, what comes to the surface to allow glucose to enter?

A

• Glucose Transporter

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9
Q

Looks at glycalated hemoglobin

A

• A1C

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10
Q

What cycle does glucose go into after entering the cell?

A

• Glycolysis

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11
Q

The hormone that is elevated during starvation or fasting

A

• Glucagon

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12
Q

Type of diabetes that is immune to insulin

A

• Type 1

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13
Q

Cluster of cells in the pancreas that contains alpha and beta cells

A

• Islet of Langerhans

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14
Q

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a state of..

A

• Insulin resistance

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15
Q

The type of cell that secretes insulin

A

• Beta

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16
Q

Insulin binds here to start glucose intake

A

• Insulin receptor

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17
Q

Ketone synthesis

A

• Ketogenesis

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18
Q

The energy of the cell

A

• ATP

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19
Q

The process of making glucose in the liver

A

• Gluconeogenesis

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20
Q

Condition of having too much glucose in the blood

A

• Hyperglycemia

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21
Q

When do beta cells stop growing?

A

• Puberty

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22
Q

The hormone needed for the uptake of glucose

A

• Insulin

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23
Q

Released from fat and are part of the proposed mechanism of insulin resistance

A

• Cytokines

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24
Q

A cholesterol like molecule that helps in fat digestion and could be involved in insulin

A

• Bile salts

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25
Q

Where transcription occurs

A

Nucleus

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26
Q

amino acid codon GGU

A

Glycine

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27
Q

a mutation that is a result of one base being altered

A

Point

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28
Q

start codon

A

AUG

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29
Q

a mutation that causes the reading frame if the genetic code to be misread

A

frameshift

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30
Q

all your DNA collectively

A

Genome

31
Q

scientist known for discovery of DNA

A

Watson

32
Q

unique absence of 3 bases

A

codon

33
Q

proteins are made of

A

amino acids

34
Q

type of bond between bases of DNA

A

Hydrogen

35
Q

nucleic acid composed of 2 strands- your genetic material

A

DNA

36
Q

a mutation that doesn’t change the protein

A

silent

37
Q

a mutation that occurs when a base is swapped for another base

A

substitution

38
Q

where transcription stops

A

terminator

39
Q

a gene that is always turned on an maintains normal activity

A

housekeeping

40
Q

where translation occurs

A

ribosome

41
Q

enzyme required for transcription

A

polymerase

42
Q

the process of making RNA

A

transcription

43
Q

main difference between DNA and RNA

A

sugar

44
Q

where a ribosome is located

A

endoplasmic reticulum

45
Q

a mutation that is a result of a base removed

A

deletion

46
Q

coding regions in DNA

A

exons

47
Q

substances that cause mutations

A

mutagen

48
Q

process of making proteins

A

translation

49
Q

single stranded nucleic acid that is a copy of DNA

A

RNA

50
Q

previously thought of as your genetic material in the 1930’s

A

proteins

51
Q

a segment of DNA that codes for a trait

A

gene

52
Q

DNA must be _______ prior to transcription

A

unwound

53
Q

what is the #1 cause of death in US

A

Heart disease

54
Q

_____ refers to the number of persons with a disease at any one time

A

Prevalence

55
Q

a disease that causes lesions is classified as

A

structural

56
Q

what is used for energy in the cell

A

ATP

57
Q

I haven’t been feeling well. What is this called for a clinician

A

symptom

58
Q

what drug targets AMPK and is the most prescribed class of drug

A

biguanide

59
Q

someone who performs autopsies

A

anatomic pathologist

60
Q

which occurs most frequently

A

type 2

61
Q

the central dogma of genetics is

A

DNA –>RNA –> protein

62
Q

______ are health problems that interfere with a person’s ability to function

A

disbilities

63
Q

why do some T2DM need insulin therapy

A

Beta cells die out

64
Q

which is NOT a symptom of T2DM

A

decreased urine output

65
Q

someone’s entire genetic code is known as

A

genome

66
Q

a cell in the fat/adipose tissue is called

A

adipocyte

67
Q

what method involves using scientific literature, clinical knowledge, and a patient’s ideas/wishes

A

Evidence-based medicine

68
Q

what molecule starts the process of insulin secretion

A

glucose

69
Q

what tissue secretes insulin

A

pancreas

70
Q

main cause of T2DM

A

genetics, bad eating habits, sedentary lifestyles

71
Q

following eating, which statement is true

A

insulin goes up, blood glucose goes down

72
Q

which type of diabetes is characterized as insulin resistant

A

type 2

73
Q

a muation masked because the code is degenerative and doesn’t affect the amino acid sequence. this is a _____ mutation

A

silent

74
Q

how many amino acids are there

A

20

Human Diseases (1 decks)

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