Exam 1

Question 1

A disease caused by fat accumulation in the liver

Answer 1

• Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Question 2

Population of people highly affected by diabetes

Answer 2

• American Indian

Question 3

Cells of the liver

Answer 3

• Hepatocytes

Question 4

A form of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy

Answer 4

• Gestational

Question 5

The most common form of diabetes

Answer 5

• Type 2

Question 6

Looks at the rise and fall of glucose and is used to diagnose diabetes

Answer 6

• Glucose Tolerance Test

Question 7

The type of cell that secretes glucagon

Answer 7

• Alpha

Question 8

Once insulin binds to the cell, what comes to the surface to allow glucose to enter?

Answer 8

• Glucose Transporter

Question 9

Looks at glycalated hemoglobin

Answer 9

• A1C

Question 10

What cycle does glucose go into after entering the cell?

Answer 10

• Glycolysis

Question 11

The hormone that is elevated during starvation or fasting

Answer 11

• Glucagon

Question 12

Type of diabetes that is immune to insulin

Answer 12

• Type 1

Question 13

Cluster of cells in the pancreas that contains alpha and beta cells

Answer 13

• Islet of Langerhans

Question 14

Type 2 diabetes is characterized by a state of..

Answer 14

• Insulin resistance

Question 15

The type of cell that secretes insulin

Answer 15

• Beta

Question 16

Insulin binds here to start glucose intake

Answer 16

• Insulin receptor

Question 17

Ketone synthesis

Answer 17

• Ketogenesis

Question 18

The energy of the cell

Answer 18

• ATP

Question 19

The process of making glucose in the liver

Answer 19

• Gluconeogenesis

Question 20

Condition of having too much glucose in the blood

Answer 20

• Hyperglycemia

Question 21

When do beta cells stop growing?

Answer 21

• Puberty

Question 22

The hormone needed for the uptake of glucose

Answer 22

• Insulin

Question 23

Released from fat and are part of the proposed mechanism of insulin resistance

Answer 23

• Cytokines

Question 24

A cholesterol like molecule that helps in fat digestion and could be involved in insulin

Answer 24

• Bile salts

Question 25

Where transcription occurs

Answer 25

Nucleus

Question 26

amino acid codon GGU

Answer 26

Glycine

Question 27

a mutation that is a result of one base being altered

Answer 27

Point

Question 28

start codon

Answer 28

AUG

Question 29

a mutation that causes the reading frame if the genetic code to be misread

Answer 29

frameshift

Question 30

all your DNA collectively

Answer 30

Genome

Question 31

scientist known for discovery of DNA

Answer 31

Watson

Question 32

unique absence of 3 bases

Answer 32

codon

Question 33

proteins are made of

Answer 33

amino acids

Question 34

type of bond between bases of DNA

Answer 34

Hydrogen

Question 35

nucleic acid composed of 2 strands- your genetic material

Answer 35

DNA

Question 36

a mutation that doesn't change the protein

Answer 36

silent

Question 37

a mutation that occurs when a base is swapped for another base

Answer 37

substitution

Question 38

where transcription stops

Answer 38

terminator

Question 39

a gene that is always turned on an maintains normal activity

Answer 39

housekeeping

Question 40

where translation occurs

Answer 40

ribosome

Question 41

enzyme required for transcription

Answer 41

polymerase

Question 42

the process of making RNA

Answer 42

transcription

Question 43

main difference between DNA and RNA

Answer 43

sugar

Question 44

where a ribosome is located

Answer 44

endoplasmic reticulum

Question 45

a mutation that is a result of a base removed

Answer 45

deletion

Question 46

coding regions in DNA

Answer 46

exons

Question 47

substances that cause mutations

Answer 47

mutagen

Question 48

process of making proteins

Answer 48

translation

Question 49

single stranded nucleic acid that is a copy of DNA

Answer 49

RNA

Question 50

previously thought of as your genetic material in the 1930's

Answer 50

proteins

Question 51

a segment of DNA that codes for a trait

Answer 51

gene

Question 52

DNA must be _______ prior to transcription

Answer 52

unwound

Question 53

what is the #1 cause of death in US

Answer 53

Heart disease

Question 54

_____ refers to the number of persons with a disease at any one time

Answer 54

Prevalence

Question 55

a disease that causes lesions is classified as

Answer 55

structural

Question 56

what is used for energy in the cell

Answer 56

ATP

Question 57

I haven't been feeling well. What is this called for a clinician

Answer 57

symptom

Question 58

what drug targets AMPK and is the most prescribed class of drug

Answer 58

biguanide

Question 59

someone who performs autopsies

Answer 59

anatomic pathologist

Question 60

which occurs most frequently

Answer 60

type 2

Question 61

the central dogma of genetics is

Answer 61

DNA -->RNA --> protein

Question 62

______ are health problems that interfere with a person's ability to function

Answer 62

disbilities

Question 63

why do some T2DM need insulin therapy

Answer 63

Beta cells die out

Question 64

which is NOT a symptom of T2DM

Answer 64

decreased urine output

Question 65

someone's entire genetic code is known as

Answer 65

genome

Question 66

a cell in the fat/adipose tissue is called

Answer 66

adipocyte

Question 67

what method involves using scientific literature, clinical knowledge, and a patient's ideas/wishes

Answer 67

Evidence-based medicine

Question 68

what molecule starts the process of insulin secretion

Answer 68

glucose

Question 69

what tissue secretes insulin

Answer 69

pancreas

Question 70

main cause of T2DM

Answer 70

genetics, bad eating habits, sedentary lifestyles

Question 71

following eating, which statement is true

Answer 71

insulin goes up, blood glucose goes down

Question 72

which type of diabetes is characterized as insulin resistant

Answer 72

type 2

Question 73

a muation masked because the code is degenerative and doesn't affect the amino acid sequence. this is a _____ mutation

Answer 73

silent

Question 74

how many amino acids are there

Answer 74

20