exam 1

Question 1

Sought to study/explain the world using rational-scientific — rather than supernatural — methods

Answer 1

age of enlightenment

Question 2

Founder of sociology, decline of religious authority - necessity of secular basis for morality.. Sought scientific laws that govern human behavior

Answer 2

august comte

Question 3

Think about the social world we inhabit in individualistic terms. ‘What’s wrong with me”

Answer 3

ideology of individualism

Question 4

Large scale social processes that are often abstract. I.e. economy, culture

Answer 4

macro level

Question 5

Institutional level that intermediates micro and macro. I.e. cwru

Answer 5

meso

Question 6

Small scale interactions between individuals and groups

Answer 6

micro

Question 7

holds that sense perceptions are the only admissible basis of human knowledge

Answer 7

positivism

Question 8

a state of mind that allows us to connect biography or personal experiences with social
structure and history

Answer 8

sociological imagination

Question 9

social science discipline concerned with the systematic study of society

Answer 9

sociology

Question 10

Enduring and regular social arrangements that emerge from persistent patterns of human interactions and relationships. I.e. family, the state, law

Answer 10

structure

Question 11

Individual social power and the capacity for action. I.e. what we as individuals do within the structural constraints

Answer 11

agency

Question 12

Marx believes that capitalism results in alienation of the worker from the work, working, fellow workers, and the self

Answer 12

alienation

Question 13

Marx thought economy determined culture; weber showed culture impacting economy
3 c’s (capitalism, conflict, culture)

Answer 13

culture

Question 14

With the advent of modern science, the magical worldview is dispelled by rationalization

Answer 14

disenchantment

Question 15

Marx’s grand theory of history and social relations whereby material economic forces are the base on which sociopolitical institutions and ideas are conceived and individual existence is lived.

Answer 15

historical materialism

Question 16

Conflict theory.. Society is composed of diverse groups with conflicting values and interests. Macro and meso levels. Stratification, historical materialism, bourgeois, labor

Answer 16

karl marx

Question 17

Protestants and capitalism, bureaucracy and disenchantment, modernity,

Answer 17

max weber

Question 18

all of the elements that go into the producing goods and services of a society

Answer 18

means of production

Question 19

the movement between different positions within a system of social stratification in any given society

Answer 19

social mobility

Question 20

a set of interrelated ideas that allow for the systematization of knowledge of the social world

Answer 20

social theory

Question 21

Broad explanations about how society functions, i.e. conflict theory

Answer 21

theoretical perspectives

Question 22

social instability resulting from a breakdown of norms and values. Rootlessness

Answer 22

anomie

Question 23

•a strong and highly-symbolic set of shared beliefs, ideas, and moral attitudes which unify a given society.

Answer 23

collective consciousness

Question 24

1st modern sociologist. Studied suicide. Used social facts. Anomie.

Answer 24

emile durkheim

Question 25

a perspective that examines broad social structures and society as a whole system that is composed of interdependent and interrelated parts

Answer 25

functionalism

Question 26

social solidarity which arises in situations where group members share social characteristics: status, work/occupation, wealth/income, race, religion, ideology, etc

Answer 26

mechanical solidarity

Question 27

expectations or rules of behavior

Answer 27

norms

Question 28

social solidarity which arises in situations where group members are differentiated by a complex division of labor.

Answer 28

organic solidarity

Question 29

any observable social phenomenon “capable of exerting over the individual an external constraint; or: which is general over the whole of a given society whilst having an existence of its own, independent of its individual manifestations.”

Answer 29

social facts

Question 30

4 types (altruistic, fatalistic, egoistic, anomic) durkheim

Answer 30

suicide

Question 31

Important and lasting beliefs or ideals shared by the members of a culture about what is good or bad and desirable or undesirable

Answer 31

values

Question 32

Urbanization, power, the power elite

Answer 32

c wright mills

Question 33

non-financial social assets that promote social mobility beyond economic means.

Answer 33

cultural capital

Question 34

person ‘a’ to get person ‘b’ to do what ‘a’ wants

Answer 34

1st dimension of power

Question 35

person ‘a’ to influence agenda in way that constrains decisions of other people

Answer 35

2nd dimension of power

Question 36

person ‘a’ to dominate agenda by creating a rationalized ideology that reinforces their power

Answer 36

3rd dimension of power

Question 37

the process through which phenomena in the social world influence physical characteristics and actions of individuals.

Answer 37

embodiment

Question 38

German people who studied power in nazis and disenchantment, moved to america saw materialism

Answer 38

frankfurt school

Question 39

a system of embodied dispositions and tendencies that organize the ways in which individuals perceive and act in the social world

Answer 39

habitus

Question 40

Material v nonmaterial culture, social class reproduction, cultural capital

Answer 40

pierre bourdieu

Question 41

the ability of an individual or group to achieve their own goals or aims when others are trying to prevent them from realizing them

Answer 41

power

Question 42

corporate, political, and military top 1%

Answer 42

the power elite

Question 43

the social structures and activities that transmit social inequality from one generation to the next.

Answer 43

social class reproduction

Question 44

when a change in an independent variable coincides with a change in the dependent variable.

Answer 44

correlation

Question 45

both change in same direction (positive or negative)

Answer 45

positive

Question 46

when indep var incr, dep var decr. Or vice versa

Answer 46

negative

Question 47

3rd variable. Protestantism and capitalism ?

Answer 47

spurious

Question 48

variable that are associated with change in the dependent variable.

Answer 48

independent

Question 49

variable which changes as a result of the presence of other variables

Answer 49

dependent

Question 50

specific explanations of abstract concepts that a researcher plans to study

Answer 50

operational definitions

Question 51

the defined group under study.

Answer 51

population

Question 52

an attitude of attending systematically to the context of knowledge construction, especially to the effect of the researcher, at every step of the research process

Answer 52

reflexivity

Question 53

a measure of a study’s consistency that considers how likely results are to be replicated if a study is reproduced

Answer 53

reliability

Question 54

small, manageable number of subjects that represent the population

Answer 54

sample

Question 55

The scientific method.. Ask a question, research existing sources, formulate a hypothesis, design and conduct a study, draw conclusions, report results

Answer 55

social research process

Question 56

data collected from subjects who respond to a series of questions about behaviors and opinions, often in the form of a questionnaire.

Answer 56

survey

Question 57

research method designed to offer scientific descriptions of specific human cultures.

Answer 57

ethnography

Question 58

the degree to which a sociological measure accurately reflects the topic of study

Answer 58

validity

Question 59

defines | data expressing a certain quantity, amount or range.

Answer 59

quantitative

Question 60

describes | measures of 'types' and may be represented by a name, symbol, or a number code

Answer 60

qualitative