Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

soc 101 > exam 2 > Flashcards

exam 2 Flashcards

(71 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

discrimination

A

harmful or negative actions against people deemed inferior on the basis of their racial category and without regard to their individual merit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

ethnicity

A

a social definition based on a real or presumed cultural characteristic (e.g. religion, language).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

genocide

A

the mass killing of a group of people based on racial, ethnic, or religious traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

institutional racism

A

institutions and social dynamics that may seem race-neutral but actually disadvantage minority groups.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

mass incarceration

A

Prison population increases ten-fold to 2 million today

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

nativism

A

movement to protect and preserve indigenous land or culture form the allegedly dangerous and polluting effects of new immigrants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

passing

A

I.e. black women/men straightening hair, michael jackson skin bleaching & plastic surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

pluralism

A

the presence and engaged coexistence of numerous distinct groups in society.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

prejudice

A

negative attitudes, feelings, or beliefs about an ethnic or racial group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

primordialism

A

Clifford Geertz’s term to explain the strength of ethnic ties because they are fixed in deeply felt or primordial ties to one’s homeland culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

race

A

a social definition based on shared lineage and a real or presumed physical, biological characteristic (e.g. skin color)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

racism

A

the belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

segregation

A

the legal or social practice of separating people on the basis of their race or ethnicity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

straight line assimilation

A

Robert Park’s 1920s model for how immigrants assimilate: they first arrive, then settle in, and finally achieve full assimilation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

white privilege

A

a set of societal privileges granted to white people and withheld from people of color in the same social, political, or economic spaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

femininity

A

behaviors, social roles, and relations of women within a given society as well as the meanings attributed to them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

gender

A

based on a set of social or cultural distinctions associated with being male or female

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

gender role socialization

A

process through which individuals learn the norms and behaviors that are associated with masculinity and femininity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

gendered division of labor

A

the systematic pattern of women/men being over/underrepresented in various occupations.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

genderqueer

A

A person whose gender identity is neither man nor woman, is between or beyond genders, or is some combination of genders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

hegemonic masculinity

A

the current configuration of practice that legitimizes men’s dominant position in society and justifies the subordination of women, and other marginalized ways of being a man

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

heteronormativity

A

the ideology and attendant cultural (e.g. norms) and institutional (e.g. legal privileges) arrangements that promote heterosexuality as the dominant and preferred sexual orientation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

homosociality

A

feminine and masculine performances are homosocial—that is, they are performances that are done by and for members of the same sex.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

intersectionality

A

the interconnected nature of social categorizations such as race, class, gender, sexual orientation, and dis/ability as they apply to a given individual or group, regarded as creating overlapping and interdependent systems of disadvantage.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
patriarchy
a social system in which power is primarily vested in men
26
performativity
we are constantly performing for others - not really being 'ourselves'
27
sex
physical or physiological differences between males and females, including both primary sex characteristics (the reproductive system) and secondary characteristics such as height and muscularity.
28
sexuality
sexual identity, attraction, and experiences which may or may not align with sex and gender
29
transgender
a person whose gender identity, expression or behavior is different from those typically associated with their assigned sex at birth
30
divde et impera
Divide et impera (Latin: “divide and conquer”): role of a member of a triad who intentionally drives a wedge between the other two members of the group
31
dyad
a two person group
32
embeddedness
actions that are taken as a result of one's position in a social network
33
group
two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity
34
individuation
individuals with larger networks have wider variety of tastes and tend to be more unique
35
mediator
member of a triad who attempts to make people involved in a conflict come to an agreement
36
networ
a set of relations, links, or ties among individuals and/or groups
37
simmel, georg
was arguably the first sociologist that we could refer to as a “social network theorist.” His perceptive writings on the relationship between individuals and their group affiliations laid the groundwork for later scholarship in organizations and economic sociology.
38
social capital
both the level of ‘social network embeddedness’ and the shared norms, values and understandings that facilitate co-operation within or among groups
39
strength of weak ties
having a lot of weak ties with people can get you more job opportunities etc.
40
strong tie
a personal and direct tie between two individuals/groups
41
tertius gaudens
(Latin: “the third who rejoices”): new member of a triad who benefits from conflict between the other two members of the group.
42
triad
3 person group
43
voluntary associations
forever forming associations in america, active participation in civil life. nation of joiners.
44
weak tie
an impersonal and indirect tie between two individuals/groups
45
Conflict theory framework
conflict theorists focus on who defines what is deviant/normative and stress how these definitions serve the interests of elites, exacerbate inequality, and lead to social disorder
46
crime
the violation of norms written into law
47
deviance
violation of norms
48
functionalist theory framework
“it is the deviants among us who hold society together.” As the argument goes, if there weren’t outcasts and/or punishments for deviant behavior, there would be no social cohesion.
49
michel foucault
“Is it surprising that prisons resemble factories, schools, barracks, hospitals, which all resemble prisons?” For him, domination is everywhere in modern society—it is inescapable.
50
negative sanction
an expression of disapproval for breaking a norm, ranging from a mild, informal reaction such as a frown to a formal reaction such as a prison sentence or an execution.
51
norms
expectations or rules of behavior
52
panopticon
prison where inmates watched at all times by only one guard who cannot be seen by inmates
53
paradox of authority
idea that although state claims monopoly on the use of violence, it loses authority when it actually uses it
54
positive sanction
a reward or positive reaction for following norms, ranging from a smile to a prize
55
state
a political entity that claims monopoly on the use of violence in some particular territory
56
social control
a group's (i.e. society, nation-state, clique, etc.) formal and informal means of enforcing its norms
57
social order
a group's usual and customary social arrangements, on which its members depend and on which they base their lives
58
strain theory
American sociologist Robert K. Merton’s theory pointing out that social strain is created when a society socializes large numbers of people to desire a cultural goal but withholds from many the approved means to reach that goal.
59
stigma
'blemishes' that discredit a person's claim to a 'normal' identity
60
medicalization
a social process through which a human experience or condition is culturally defined as pathological and treatable as a medical condition.
61
sick role
Talcott Parson’s (1902-1979) term referring to the rights and obligations of those affected with illness.
62
illness
a persons subjective experience of their symptoms
63
disease
biologically defined pathology from the professional / practitioner's perspective
64
mortality
rate of death in a population
65
morbidity
incidence of disease across a population
66
social gradients of health
inequalities in population health status are associated with inequalities in social status
67
social determinants of health
race/ethnicity, class of socioeconomic status, age, gender, culture, education, geography/neighborhood, policy or political context, food access, political economy, workplace/working conditions
68
medical model
biological assumptions and, in general, focuses on the association between individual behaviors and health outcomes.
69
roseto effect
Town in pennsylvania that did unhealthy behaviors but they had low mortality because of the way they lived, were happier
70
social model
there are social determinants of health that must be addressed in structural terms (i.e. with policies, social movements, or broad population or neighborhood-level interventions).
71
stress
the body’s response to a threatening or challenge environmental condition

soc 101 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions