Exam 1

Question 1

Statistics

Answer 1

A branch of math used to organize summarize and interpret data

Question 2

Descriptive Statistics

Answer 2

Used to organize data

Question 3

Frequency Distribution

Answer 3

Summary of how often different scores occur in a sample of scores

Question 4

Histogram

Answer 4

way to graphically represent a frequency distribution. Vertical bars that touch

Question 5

Frequency polygon

Answer 5

represents frequency distribution. marks on horizontal access connected by line. Makes a mountain

Question 6

Skewed Distribution

Answer 6

Asymmetrical distribution. Positive, scores are low. Negative, most scores are hight

Question 7

Symmetrical Distribution

Answer 7

Even on both sides

Question 8

measure of central tendency

Answer 8

A single number that presents information about the “center” frequency

Question 9

Mode

Answer 9

The most frequently occurring score in a distribution

Question 10

Median

Answer 10

exact middle of a distribution

Question 11

measure of variability

Answer 11

Single number that presents info about the spread of scores

Question 12

range

Answer 12

Measure of variability. Highest - Lowest

Question 13

Standard Deviation

Answer 13

Measure of variability. Square root of the sum of all scores divided by the number of the scores.

Question 14

Z score

Answer 14

number in standard deviation units. Shows a scores deviation from the mean

Question 15

Standard normal curve (normal distribution)

Answer 15

Symmetrical distribution, bell shaped. Mean, Median and Mode are all equal and fall in the exact middle

Question 16

correlation

Answer 16

The relationship between two variables

Question 17

Correlation coefficient

Answer 17

A numerical indication of the magnitude and direction of the relationship between two variables. [-1, 1]

Question 18

positive correlation

Answer 18

two factors both increase of both decrease

Question 19

negative correlation

Answer 19

on factor increases while the other decreases, or vice versa.

Question 20

Scatter diagram (plot)

Answer 20

A graph that represents the relationship between two variables

Question 21

inferential statistics

Answer 21

Methods used to determine how likely it is a study’s outcome is due to chance. Also checks if it can be generalized to a larger population

Question 22

ETeset

Answer 22

Test used to establish whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other

Question 23

Type I Error

Answer 23

Falsely concludes that the study results are meaningful

Question 24

Type II Error

Answer 24

Fails to confirm a hypothesis that should be confirmed.

Question 25

Population

Answer 25

A complete set of something

Question 26

Sample

Answer 26

A subset of a population

Question 27

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 27

Founder of psychology

Question 28

First Pysch lab

Answer 28

1879

Question 29

Edward B. Titchener

Answer 29

Structuralism

Question 30

William James

Answer 30

Functionalism

Question 31

G. Stanley Hall

Answer 31

Johns hopkins Psych lab 1883. Student of William James

Question 32

Mary Whiton Calkins

Answer 32

Student of william James. Researched dreams, memory and personality

Question 33

Margaret Floy Washburn

Answer 33

Wrote the Animal Mind. Student of Titchener and James

Question 34

Sigmund Freud

Answer 34

Psychoanalysis

Question 35

John B. Watson

Answer 35

Behaviorism

Question 36

Carl Rogers

Answer 36

Humanistic

Question 37

Biological Perspective

Answer 37

Emphasizes the physical basis of psychology. Neuroscience

Question 38

Ethnocentrism

Answer 38

Belief that ones own culture of ethnic group is superiour

Question 39

Individualistic Cultures

Answer 39

Needs of the individual over group. Ex. USA

Question 40

Collectivistic Cultures

Answer 40

Needs of group over the individual. Ex. Japan

Question 41

Psychiatry

Answer 41

Medical specialty area focused on diagnosis, treatment, causes, and prevention of mental behavior.

Question 42

Empirical Evidence

Answer 42

Variable evidence that is based upon observation

Question 43

hypothesis

Answer 43

A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables

Question 44

variable

Answer 44

a factor that can change or vary

Question 45

operational definition

Answer 45

a precise description of how the variables in a study will be manipulated

Question 46

Statistically Significant

Answer 46

A statistical indication that the results are not likely to have occurred by chance

Question 47

meta analysis

Answer 47

Stats technique that combines and analyzes the results of many studies to identify trends

Question 48

Theory

Answer 48

tentative explanation that explains the relationship between things. Comes from findings and observations

Question 49

pseudoscience

Answer 49

False science that makes claims based off of little to no scientific evidence

Question 50

descriptive research

Answer 50

procedures that involve systematically observing behavior to describe a relationship between behavior and events

Question 51

confirmation bias

Answer 51

tendency to seek evidence out that confirms an existing belief.

Question 52

naturalistic observation

Answer 52

systematic observation of behaviors that occur in natural settings

Question 53

case study

Answer 53

an intensive study of an individual or small group of individuals

Question 54

survey

Answer 54

questionnaire that investigates a variety of information about a particular group

Question 55

representative sample

Answer 55

group that closely parallels the larger population in terms of characteristics

Question 56

random selection

Answer 56

Process in which subjects are selected randomly from a larger group

Question 57

correlation study

Answer 57

Research strategy that allows the precise calculation of how related two factors are

Question 58

Experimental research

Answer 58

A method of investigation used to demonstrate cause-and-effect relationship

Question 59

independent variable

Answer 59

Manipulated variable

Question 60

dependent variable

Answer 60

Effected variable

Question 61

confounding variable(third)

Answer 61

A factor not being evaluated by a study that could affect the outcome

Question 62

Random Assignment

Answer 62

Proccess of randomly assigning participants. Equal chance to be any group

Question 63

Control group

Answer 63

Receive standard independent variable (or a placebo)

Question 64

Experimental Group

Answer 64

Receive manipulated independent variable

Question 65

Structuralism

Answer 65

Uses introspection. Studies components and structure of the mind. Cole and the candy bar

Question 66

Functionalism

Answer 66

Function of the mind is to enable us to survive and adapt to reproduce

Question 67

Psychodynamic

Answer 67

Unconscious mind. Sexual urges and conflict

Question 68

Behaviorism

Answer 68

Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, Studies observable behavior

Question 69

Humanistic

Answer 69

Emphasizes conscious experiences. Theory of motivation

Question 70

Cognitive

Answer 70

Memory Capacity (7 +- 2 things)

Question 71

Major Perspectives Of contemporary

Answer 71

Biological, Psychodynamic, behavioral, humanistic, positive psych, cognitive, cross-cultural, evolutionary