exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
maternal
A
entire pregnancy plus 7 weeks after
2
Q
neonatal
A
a newborn less than 1 month
3
Q
perinatal
A
the time around birth, 20th week of gestation to 1-4 weeks after birth
4
Q
infant
A
the first year of life
5
Q
maternal morbidity
A
illness or injury in a maternal woman
6
Q
neonatal mortality
A
death in a neonate per 1,000
7
Q
perinatal mortality
A
death in a perinatal per 1,000
8
Q
infancy mortality
A
death in a infant per 1,000
9
Q
common causes of death in a mother
A
postpartum hemorrhage
sepsis
hypertensive pregnancy/CVD
unsafe abortion
10
Q
zygote
A
fertilized ovum
11
Q
mitosis
A
produces cells for growth and tissue repair
12
Q
meiosis
A
produces reproductive cells
13
Q
gametes
A
ovum and sperm
14
Q
gametogenesis
A
production of gametes
15
Q
oogenesis
A
production of ovum/oocyte
16
Q
fertiization
A
ovum and sperm unite
17
Q
amnion
A
innermost enclosure of embryo
18
Q
chorion
A
outermost enclosure of embryo
19
Q
two main factors of breast cancer
A
gender
age
20
Q
suspicious family hx of breast cancer
A
2-3 affected bilateral br ca 2 or more generations under 40 any male member
21
Q
normal menses
A
2-8 days of bleeding no more often than 21-23 days up to 8 pads per day/less than 1 pad per hour clots smaller than plum no symptoms of hemodynamic instability
22
Q
irregular menstrual bleeding
A
vries by 20 days
23
Q
infrequent menstrual bleeding
A
1-2 menses in 90 days
24
Q
frequent mensetrual bleeding
A
more than 4 per 90 day period
25
dysmenorrhea
painful periods
26
amenorrhea
absence of periods
27
abnormal uterine bleeding
erratic or post coital
28
myotoma
fibroids
29
main pH of vagina
4.4
30
main bacteria of vagina
lactus bacillus
31
when does PMS HAPPEN
luteal phase
32
symptoms of PMS
```
mood changes
bloating
brest tenderness
headache
constipation
```
33
treatment of PMS
ibuprofen
calcium or b6
exercise
34
menopause defined
1 year with NO period
35
vasomotor instability
hot flash and night sweats
36
symptoms of bacterial vaginosis
odor
| discharge esp after intercourse
37
treatment for BV
metronidazol for 1 wk
38
yeast infection symptoms
itch
| discharge
39
trichomoniasis symptoms
frothy
yellow discharge
itchy
40
treatment for trich
metronidazol
41
diagnosis for vaginitis
```
history
PE
pH
nucleic acid probe
WHIFF culture test
```
42
what is PMDD
luteal depressive disorder
43
symptoms of PMDD
matches PMS but extreme
44
treatment for PMDD
SSRI
| cognitive behavioral therapy
45
what is endometriosis
endometrium cells outside of the uterus that still responds like every other endometrial cell
46
diagnosis of endometriosis
surgery or symptoms
47
endometriosis treatment includes
surgery
OCP
GnRH antagonist
progestin OCP
48
what is infertility
trying for over 1 yr with no pregnancy
49
testing for infertility
tubal potency (HSG)
ovulation (LH levels)
sperm count
Huhners (post coital)
50
what does estrogen do to LH and FSH?
inhibits FSH
| stimulates LH
51
what does estrogen do to follicles?
help mature follicles
52
what is estrogen associated with?
female characteristics
53
what is progesterone associated with?
maintaining pregnancy
54
what does progesterone do to the cervical mucus?
thickens
55
what are the phases of the uterine cycle
menstruation
proliferative phase
secretory phase
ischemic phase
56
what happens during the menstrual phase?
menses!
57
what happens during the proliferative phase?
blood vessel dilation
thicken of endometrium
thinning of cervical mucus
58
what happens during the secretory phase?
after ovulation
vascularity increases
progesterone grows the endometrium
59
what happens during the ischemic phase
after the ovum is not fertilized --
estrogen and progesterone diminish
vascularity diminishes
60
what days are the follicular phase
1-14
61
what days are the luteal phase
15-28
62
what happens during the follicular phase
FSH matures the follicle
| follicle produces estrogen
63
what happens during the luteal phase
ovum leaves follicle
corpus luteum develops under LH
corpus luteum produces high levels of progesterone and low levels of estrogen
64
what days do the menstrual phase happen
1-6
65
what days do the proliferative phase happen
7-14
66
what days do the secretory phase happen
15-26
67
what days do the ischemic phase happen
27-28
68
what does the hypothalamus secrete
GNRH
69
what does the anterior pituitary secrete
LH and FSH
70
what is FSH primarily responsible for
follicle maturation
71
what happens as the follicle matures?
estrogen is released -- helps with proliferation and rebuilding as well
72
what does LH do
allows estrogen to reduce and progesterone to become dominate before ovulation
73
autonomy
respecting your patients choice
74
beneficence
what will benefit my patient?
75
justice
equal and fair distribution of care
76
nonmalifecence
do no harm
77
what age is no consent for mental health and substance abuse?
13 and up
78
what age is no consent for contraception or abortion
ANY age
79
what age is no consent for std or stis?
14 and older
80
if a patient is less than 12, what age is it legal for their partner?
less than 24 months
81
if a patient is older than 12, but no older than 14, what age is it legal for their partner?
less than 36 months
82
if a patient is 16 and up -- what age is it legal for their partner?
no more than 5 years older, and it cannot be a supervisory relationship
83
sexual interactions for ages:
12 and under - 14
14-16
and 16-18
follows
under 12 - 14 no more than 36 mos
14-16 no more than 48 mos
16-18 no more than 60 mos
84
chlamydia and gonorrhea diagnosis
swabs - cervical, vaginal, penile
| urine
85
how do you do a STD urine specimen?
dirty catch only to the line!!
86
what are symptoms of chlamydia and gonorrhea?
abdominal pain
penile or vaginal discharge
burning with and without urination
scrotal pain
87
what is pelvic inflammatory disease?
inflammation of fallopian tube
88
what does pelvic inflammatory disease lead to?
scarring and adhesions
infertility
ectopic pregnancy
89
what is pelvic inflammatory disease caused by?
uncontrolled STD... many other factors - but pertains to sexual activity and unprotected sex
90
what can treat pelvic inflammatory disease?
metronidazole
doxycycline
antibiotics
91
what cures syphillis?
penicillin!!!
92
what can treat gonorrhea and chlamydia?
antibiotics
doxycycline (not ok for pregnancy)
azithromyocin (orally)
cetrofiaxone (IM injection)
93
what kind of treatment is good for herpes?
anti retrovirals
94
diagnosis of HSV
swab of a moist lesion within 72 hours
blood work -- IgM or IgG
USUALLY IGG!! IgM occurs very quickly and is sometimes hard to miss
95
treatment of condyloma accuminta
tricholoronic acid
cryotherapy
excision
laser
iminquoid! aldara
96
what are the recommendations for pap smears?
every 3 years for 21 to 65
| every 5 for women 30-65 for cytology and HPV
97
epididymitis symptoms
horrible pain
98
epididymitis leads to
scarring
| infertility
99
what usually leads to epididymitis after age 30
BPH and urinary bacterial exposure
100
what helps epididymitis?
azithromyocin
101
when is spontaneous abortion most likely to happen?
conception to 20 weeks
102
what is the first trimester
last menstrual period to 12 weeks
103
second trimester
12 weeks to 28 weeks
104
third trimester
28 to 40 wks
105
when is it considered term?
37 to 38 weeks
106
what is considered late preterm
34 to 37 weeks
107
what is full term
40 wks
108
when can pregnancy be diagnosed?
wk 4
109
what is the impact of teratogens?
timing
type
dose and toxicity
110
what is combined hormonal contraceptives?
estrogen and progesterone
111
what are the types of combined hormonal contraceptives?
pill
nuva ring
evra patch
112
what are contraindications for the hormonal pill?
CVD
BRCA
endometrial cancer
113
warning for hormonal contraceptives?
```
ACHES
abdominal pain due to liver tumor
chest pain from PE and MI
headaches from stroke
eye sight with spots
severe leg cramps
```
114
how does hormonal contraceptives work?
helps suppress ovulation
115
what is plan b?
progestin pill!!!!
116
what is progestin best for?
cvd patients
| BF women
117
in terms of bleeding, what does progestin cause?
irregular bleeding
118
what are the forms of progestin only contraception?
OCP
IUD
emergency
depo provera
119
what are the types of IUD?
copper and hormonal
120
what does the copper IUD do for bleeding?
increases pain
| increases bleeding
121
how does the copper IUD work?
spermicide
122
how does the progestin IUD work for bleeding?
decreases pain and bleeding
amenorrhea
irregularities!
123
contraindications for IUD
PID
ectopic pregnancy
uterine anomoly
124
what needs to be done before IUD insertion?
STD test and pregnancy test
125
how does a non copper IUD work
atrophies the endometrium
126
how does the nexplanon implant work?
no ovulation -- thickens mucus for no sperm to get through
127
how does hormonal contraception work?
no ovulation
atrophies the endometrium
thickens the mucus
