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Sociology Exam 1 > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Central Insights of Sociology

A
  1. We are all thoroughly interconnected
  2. Things are not always as they appear
  3. We make assumptions that often go unquestioned
  4. What we learn in the context of our culture
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2
Q

C. Wright Mills

A

The sociological imagination

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3
Q

Sociological methods of knowing

A

Systematic
Comprehensive
Group effort

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4
Q

Sociological methods of knowing

-systematic

A

This is deliberate and organized.

There is a need to define what things mean.

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5
Q

Sociological methods of knowing: comprehensive

A

Big picture

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6
Q

The Sociological Imagination

A

“Neither the life of an individual nor the history of a society can be understood without understanding both.” C. Wright Mills.

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7
Q

How does society shape out individual experiences and our perceptions of those experiences.
Making the connection between the big picture and the induvial.

A

The Sociological Imagination

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8
Q

How do we know what we know?

A
  • At the everyday ordinary level, what we see and hear and what we don’t see and hear
  • Our socialization
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9
Q

Problems with our knowing at the everyday ordinary level

A
  • Faulty generalizations and assumptions from a single case

* Affected by our prevailing myths and stereotypes

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10
Q

Sociological methods of knowing: Group Effort

A

when studies replicated= more complete view

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11
Q

Dependent variable

A

Effect

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12
Q

Independent Variable

A

Cause

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13
Q

Field Experiments

A

There are no controlled settings
-An example of this would be something like faking a heart attack on the streets of CA and seeing who helps. The IV would be faked heart attack. The DV would be the people passing by ignore

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14
Q

Surveys

A
  • mail
  • phone interview
  • Face to face
  • observation
  • existing sources
  • previous studies
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15
Q

Survey: Mail

A
  • lease expensive
  • More anonymous
  • More time to respond
  • Can do a lot in a short time
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16
Q

Survey: Phone Interviews

A

Folks may not have time

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17
Q

Survey:Face to Face

A
  • In depth, in person
  • Very costly
  • Can clarify questions and answers’
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18
Q

Survey: Observation

A
  • Nothing changed by researcher
  • Detached-need to make assumptions
  • Participant-affect group behavior
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19
Q

Survey: Existing sources

A
  • Census
  • News media
  • Film Footage
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20
Q

Surveys: Previous studies

A
  • Benefit from others insights and findings

- Build on existing knowledge

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21
Q

Quantitative vs Qualitative Approach

A

Quantitative
-Numbers are percent’s, ratios, sophisticated
-Number of panels, square feet, visitors
Qualitative
-Characteristics, attributes, worth
-Why folks make a panel
-Impact of a visit to quilt

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22
Q

THE POINT

A

interaction is structured, ordered, scripted and patterned

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23
Q

Status

Study These Flashcards
A
  • A position we occupy that defines our relationship to someone else
  • Born into relationships with others
  • Involves hierarchy
24
Q

Master Status

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Most important status as perceived by others

- Usually based on occupation

25
Achieved status
- You did something to get there | - Not always positive
26
Ascribed Status
- You find yourself there | - By birth or involuntarily later in life
27
Roles
Behavior that you do in relationship to a status PLAY a role
28
Role Conflict
Student/parent
29
Role Strain
Competing demands coming from within the same role
30
Groups
- Structured interaction (sheriff and sheriff) - A common culture is shared - Involves status and roles over a long time
31
Aggregates
People in the same place at the same time. Remember that interactions are structured, ordered and scripted.
32
Primary Groups:
- Small, informal - extended interaction - intimate, mutually supportive - emotional ties and attachments
33
Secondary Group:
- Larger - Temporary - Superficial - Task Oriented - More impersonal and formal
34
Institutions
- Large scale, serve a purpose for society | - Channel Behavior
35
Society
- A population that occupies the same territory | - Is subject to the same political authority and shares a common culture
36
THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES
MACRO and MICRO
37
Macro
The big picture Understanding behavior at the structural level Society, culture, institutions
38
Micro
Small Picture Understanding the behavior at the individual level Communication styles in dyads
39
ORDER MODEL (functionalism)
Macro theory- emile durkhiem
40
Society
one entity with different parts that work for the good of the whole.Each part has a function and If a part becomes non functional, it will cease to exist
41
The order model emphasizes
cohesion, consensus, cooperation, reciprocity, stability, persistence, the contribution of and equilibrium among society’s institutions
42
CONFLICT MODEL (Critical Theory)
Macro- Karl Marx Conflict theory is a theory propounded by Karl Marx that claims society is in a state of perpetual conflict due to competition for limited resources`
43
Inequality
resources and rewards are unevenly distributed and cause serious consequences in individuals life.
44
Who benefits from conflict model?
Social systems are not neutral and some groups benefit from existing conditions. Change is promoted and if it eliminates oppression and exploitation. Activist orientation.
45
Symbolic interactionism
``` a micro approach Up close, everyday, ordinary Small group interaction World is constructed through symbols Meaning is contextual- V sign Reality based on subjective interpretation ```
46
THE THOMAS THEROREM
that which we treat as real becomes real in its consequences
47
THE DRAMATURGICAL APPROACH
Erving Goffman
48
Categories of human behavior
Front stage behavior- public Aligning actions- what do we do when our image is blown Backstage behavior-private
49
Doing sociology from an SI perspective
ETHNOMETHODOLOGY: the study of the methods and techniques used by people to make sense of the world
50
Non material elements of culture
- Norms Continuum: Not all norms are the same - Folkways are informal rules and minor infractions and sanctions - Mores are more formal/serious and more severe negative sanctions - Taboos are the most serious-cannibalism and are very rare
51
Values
general notions/feelings about what’s good and bad or right and wrong.
52
Sanctions +/- pressure on us to stay in line.
Rewards for conformity (positive) | Punishments for non-conformity (negative)
53
Symbols/language
Words=symbols Carries of meaning=contextual Symbols are not just about intellect Charged emotionally
54
The linguistic relativity hypothesis- sapir and whorf
- Words predispose us to perceive the world in certain ways | - Culture is a lens/filter= it organizes what we see
55
Ethnocentrism
is the universial tendency to deprecate the ways of other people from other societies as wrong, old fashioned, immoral and think of the ways of ones own group as superior.
56
Cultural Relativism
looking at the practices and beliefs of another culture relative to that culture.

Sociology Exam 1 (2 decks)

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