exam 1

Question 1

most common foods purchased in america are?

Answer 1

milk, cereal, water, soft drinks, bread

Question 2

what are essential nutrients?

Answer 2

nutrients the body doesn’t produce that we need in our diet

Question 3

three nutrition related diseases that are leading causes of death in the US are _____

Answer 3

Heart Disease (CVD)
Cancer
Stroke

Question 4

what are nutrients that can directly supply energy for human use?

Answer 4

carbs
proteins
fats

Question 5

what substances in fruits and vegetables provide health benefits such as cancer prevention?

Answer 5

photochemicals

Question 6

10-35%of calories come from protein and ______ come from carbohydrates

Answer 6

45-65%

Question 7

fibers belong to which class of nutrients?

Answer 7

carbohydrates (polysaccharide)

Question 8

a warning sign of alcohol poisoning _____

Answer 8

unconcioussness

Question 9

gram for gram which nutrient provides the most energy?

Answer 9

Fat (9cal/gram)

Question 10

kilocalorie is a measure of _____

Answer 10

heat energy

Question 11

what is dietary fiber?

Answer 11

a complex carbohydrate that is not digested, substance in plant food

Question 12

healthy people 2020 was designed to _____

Answer 12

improve quality health care services and health education

Question 13

what are energy yielding substances?

Answer 13

Protein
Carbs
Fats
Alcohol

Question 14

What are the nutrition and weight status objective from healthy people 2020

Answer 14

nutrition, weight status, variety of food, reduce obesity

Question 15

current factors that can influence the american food habits negatively

Answer 15

cost
convenience
time
social chance

Question 16

recent studies clearly indicate an association between TV advertising of food and drinks and ______ especially in the US

Answer 16

childhood obesity

Question 17

what is the building block for protiens containing carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen?

Answer 17

amino acids

Question 18

substances found in plants that contribute to a reduced risk of cancer or heart diseasein people who consume them regularly are called _____

Answer 18

biochemical

Question 19

compound that speeds the rate of a chemical process but is not altered by the process:

Answer 19

enzyme

Question 20

compound secreted into the blood stream that acts to control the function of distant cells

Answer 20

hormone

Question 21

to reduce the risk for many chronic diseases, Americans shoukd reduce intake on _____

Answer 21

solid fats

Question 22

define nutrition:

Answer 22

the link between food and health and disease

Question 23

on average, Americans consume approximately ______% of total calories as fat

Answer 23

33

Question 24

how many kilograms in a pound?

Answer 24

2.2

Question 25

when the cells of the _____ are stimulated, the desire to eat subsides

Answer 25

satiety center of the brain

Question 26

what is epidemiology?

Answer 26

a study of how diseases eates vary among different population groups

Question 27

over the past 50 years, rates of _____ have declined among american adults

Answer 27

cardiovascular disease

Question 28

in the ______ experimental design neither the participants nor the researchers are aware of the participants assignment

Answer 28

double blind

Question 29

how is the RDAs for nutrients set?`

Answer 29

to cover the needs of 97-98% of the population

Question 30

what does nutrient density mean?

Answer 30

higher nutrient value than calorie value

Question 31

measures of weight, height, body circumference and body fat are called _____

Answer 31

anthropometry

Question 32

what does the RDA stand for?

Answer 32

recommended dietary allowance

Question 33

how are Adequate Intakes formed?

Answer 33

Established for nutrients when there is not enough info for RDA

Question 34

according to MyPlate, how much from the protein group when consuming a 2000 cal diet?

Answer 34

5.5Oz

Question 35

What does DRI stand for?

Answer 35

Dietary Reference Intake

Question 36

Which government agency is responsible for regulating the pat food labeling?

Answer 36

FDA

Question 37

Which part of a nutritional assessment applies to what you eat in the last 24 hours?

Answer 37

Dietary assessment

Question 38

according to the 2010 dietary guidelines, the food and nutrients to increase are _____

Answer 38

veggies fruit whole grains low fat milk

Question 39

the food grouping guidelines recently releases from the united states gov. are called ____

Answer 39

MyPlate

Question 40

Physical activity guidelines americans released in 2008 advise a ministry of ____ minutes per week of physical activity

Answer 40

150

Question 41

why ae RDAs not used in food labeling?

Answer 41

they are age and gender specific

Question 42

when using MyPlate to choose fruits and veggies, one should include a vitamin C source such as citrus fruit and a dark green veggie as day as a source of _____

Answer 42

Vitamin A

Question 43

a comparison of the kilocalorie content of a food to the weight of a food is _____

Answer 43

Energy Density

Question 44

the 2010 dietary guidelines recommend consuming less than 10% of calories from ______

Answer 44

saturated fatty acids

Question 45

failing health that results from long standing dietary practicies that do not coincide with nutritional needs ______

Answer 45

malnutrition

Question 46

failing health that results from long standing dietary practicies that are inadequate to meet nutritional needs ______

Answer 46

under nutrition

Question 47

transmission of nerve impulses relies in the concentration of ____ in the neuron

Answer 47

sodium and potassium

Question 48

the constant turnover of body issues requires the ____ supplied by carbs, protien, and lipids

Answer 48

chemical energy

Question 49

the ____ system is made up of several glands that act in the regulation of metabolism, reproduction, water balance and many other functions

Answer 49

endocrine

Question 50

____ is stored withing the nucleus of a cell and acts as a code book for synthesizing specific proteins

Answer 50

DNA

Question 51

which hormone functions in the regulation of the bodys metabilic rate?

Answer 51

thyroid

Question 52

the ___ system shelters humans from threats such as diseases and toxins

Answer 52

immune

Question 53

what structure prevents food from entering the trachea when you swallow

Answer 53

mouth with salivary amylase.

Question 54

which large blood vessels is the first to recieve the most recently eaten nutrients transporting them to the liver?

Answer 54

hepatic portal vein

Question 55

nutrient rich blood leaving the intestine goes by way of as vein to the ____

Answer 55

liver

Question 56

most digestion takes place in the _____

Answer 56

small intestine

Question 57

after digestion and absorption, which circulatory system carries fat and fat soluble vitamins?

Answer 57

lymph system

Question 58

the stomach empties into the small intestine through the ____

Answer 58

phyloric shpincter

Question 59

ring like muscles that retard or prevent back flow of partially digested food in the gastrointestinal tract are callled ______

Answer 59

sphincter

Question 60

where are most digestive enzymes produces?

Answer 60

pancreas and small intestine

Question 61

which of the nutrients upon digestionis NOT normally absorbed into the blood stream?

Answer 61

fats

Question 62

which organ serves as a storage deot for many vitamins and minerals?

Answer 62

liver

Question 63

what does a GI tract include?

Answer 63

esophogus stomach small intestine

Question 64

the study of how genes determine our nutritional requirements is called ____

Answer 64

nutrigenics

Question 65

the study of the ways nutrients and food influence gene expression is called ____

Answer 65

nutrigenomics

Question 66

what percentage of a meal has been absorbed by the time it leaves the small intestine?

Answer 66

95%

Question 67

excessuve acid production in the stomach or upper intestine could result in an ______

Answer 67

ulcer

Question 68

what PH best describes the environment of the stomach when stimulated?

Answer 68

acidic

Question 69

the function of thick mucus in the stomach is to

Answer 69

protect atomach cells from acid

Question 70

when food enters the small intestine, a hormone stimulates the release of ____ from the pancreas

Answer 70

bicarbonate

Question 71

a recurrent and serious form of heartburn is called _____

Answer 71

gastroesphagal reflux disease

Question 72

a function of the large intestine is to absorb _____

Answer 72

water

Question 73

constipation can be best prevented by _____

Answer 73

eating dietary fiber

Question 74

most stomach ulcers are caused by ______ infection

Answer 74

Helicobacter pylori

Question 75

a ____ is a medication that inhibits the ability of gastric cells to secrete hydrogen atoms

Answer 75

proton pump inhibitor

Question 76

a compound that allows dir communicaton between one cell and the next is a ______

Answer 76

neurotransmitter

Question 77

collection of cells adapted to perform a specific function is called _____

Answer 77

tissues

Question 78

tissue lining erosion in the stomach of supper small intestine is called _____

Answer 78

ulcer

Question 79

______ is a monosaccharide found in the body

Answer 79

glucose

Question 80

The disaccharides important in nutrition are sucrose maltose and ______

Answer 80

lactose

Question 81

_______ is a condition in which one lacks lactase. Symptoms include gas, bloating after consuming dairy products

Answer 81

lactose intolerance

Question 82

The red blood cells and brain are 2 body tissues that derive most of their energy from ______

Answer 82

glucose

Question 83

The hormone ______ is released from the pancreas when blood glucose is elevated above a normal range

Answer 83

insulin

Question 84

______ are products from partial fat metabolism as a result of too little dietary carbohydrate

Answer 84

ketone bodies

Question 85

After absorption, galactose is converted to ____ in the liver

Answer 85

glucose

Question 86

A disaccharide is formed by the chemical bonding of ______

Answer 86

2 monosaccharides

Question 87

Q. | The monosaccharides important in nutrition are

Answer 87

A. | Glucose fructose galactose

Question 88

Q. | What enzyme is responsible for carbohydrate digestion in the small intestine?

Answer 88

pancreatic amylase

Question 89

Q. | Carbohydrate digestion begins in the ______

Answer 89

in the mouth

Question 90

Q. | Which organ will first receive sugars after they are absorbed in the blood?

Answer 90

liver

Question 91

Q. | When insulin is released it causes _____

Answer 91

A. | Muscle and fat cells to incorporate glucose

Question 92

. | What hormone is released to correct a hypoglycemic state?

Answer 92

glucagon

Question 93

Q. | The major storage sites for glycogen are ____

Answer 93

muscles and liver

Question 94

Q. | Example of a viscous fiber

Answer 94

whole wheat and whole grain

Question 95

Q. | Dietary fiber may play a key role in prevention of what type of cancer?

Answer 95

colon

Question 96

Q. | Give an example of a good source of dietary fiber

Answer 96

beans and peas