Exam 1

Question 1

Who argued that when one joins a social contract one reserves the right of revolution if the government’s actions become repressive and you have attempted to redress grievances

Answer 1

Locke

Question 2

Locke argued that we join into society only out of fear of death

Answer 2

False

Question 3

For which of the following was life in the state of nature “solitary, poor, nasty, brutish and short”?

Answer 3

Thomas Hobbes

Question 4

For Thomas Hobbes, life without government was

Answer 4

characterized by animal like conflict in which no one was truly safe

Question 5

For Thomas Hobbes, government was necessary for ____________ whereas for John Locke, government _______________________.

Answer 5

survival; preserved order by protecting property

Question 6

The earliest function of government according to Hobbes and Locke was

Answer 6

guaranteeing the safety of life and property

Question 7

The most extreme social contract theorists (giving the least power to the people) was John Locke

Answer 7

False

Question 8

All of the following are consistent with John Locke’s views EXCEPT

Answer 8

the only way to ensure people’s safety is to have an all powerful ruler

Question 9

Rousseau argued that there were two types of lies- a de facto lie and a(n)

Answer 9

de jure

Question 10

Rousseau argued that women are the bane of male authority and should never attempt to guide men in any form

Answer 10

False

Question 11

Rousseau argued that in the state of nature man was independent and happy

Answer 11

True

Question 12

Machiavelli argued that man had a natural desire for

Answer 12

acquiring

Question 13

For Hobbes the _____________ were driven to form government for survival; while for Locke the _________ formed government to protect their property.

Answer 13

weak, strong

Question 14

Socrates argued that the best type of government was a mixed and fluid one which allows for change.

Answer 14

False

Question 15

Locke argued that the best form of government was

Answer 15

any as long as everyone votes for it

Question 16

The Ring of Geyges is a mythological ring that makes its bearer invincible.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

Which of the following theorists argued that democracy was the only legitimate form of government

Answer 17

Rousseau

Question 18

The social contract theorist who believed that the contract must be renewed daily and at each vote was

Answer 18

Rousseau

Question 19

The philosopher who believed that human nature was inherently good was

Answer 19

Rousseau

Question 20

The system wherein citizens come together to discuss and pass laws is called a

Answer 20

direct democracy

Question 21

The political system where those who have governmental authority get and retain authority directly or indirectly as a result of winning free elections is called

Answer 21

representative democracy

Question 22

Socrates argued that man was by nature a political animal and needed to participate

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Socrates argued that censorship of ______________ was of particular importance because it lead to false emotions

Answer 23

Music

Question 24

Which of the following philosophers argued for direct rather than or representative democracy?

Answer 24

Jean Jacques Rousseau

Question 25

In most democracies it is necessary for decisions to be made by representatives rather than by citizens themselves because

Answer 25

it is difficult to bring together large numbers of citizens for discussions and votes

Question 26

In order for one’s soul to be balanced _________ must rule

Answer 26

reason

Question 27

Cephalus’ definition of justice was

Answer 27

giving back what is owed

Question 28

If you are going to war, Machiavelli would argue for you to use

Answer 28

your own men, they are less destructive

Question 29

Rousseau argued that man’s troubles began when he discovered he had desires

Answer 29

False

Question 30

Machiavelli argued that you should rule out of

Answer 30

Fear

Question 31

Machiavelli argued that letting people vote was a good idea because while you could fool people in particulars you could not fool them in generalities

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Hobbes’ view on life was very dim.

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Machiavelli argued that Fate is like a woman because it

Answer 33

is fickle

Question 34

Rousseau argued that there were two avenues needed to return men to independence and happiness one was through the power of love; the other

Answer 34

educating them to independent thought

Question 35

Machiavelli argued that one should look like the lion but be the fox; which meant

Answer 35

one should appear brave and loyal but in the end do what needs to be done

Question 36

The moderns set a new and higher standard for government and the purpose of human existence.

Answer 36

False

Question 37

Aristotle argued that man had a natural desire to acquire which meant that we are never satisfied

Answer 37

False

Question 38

Aristotle argued that complete censorship by government was not possible to bring man to virtue or perfection because

Answer 38

it would not allow for people to make the choices to lead a virtuous life.

Question 39

Because there is only one goal for the ancients those closest to the goal had an obligation to guide others toward perfection

Answer 39

True

Question 40

A Telos is a goal, the goal of the moderns was human perfection

Answer 40

False

Question 41

The rule of one is called a(n)

Answer 41

monarchy

Question 42

Because they are not oppressive written laws that don’t change are better than those that do change.

Answer 42

False

Question 43

According to Aristotle in order for social customs to change

Answer 43

the people generate social change

Question 44

All of the following are true of unwritten laws EXCEPT

Answer 44

when they change we do not obey them

Question 45

We obey these laws because they are never questioned

Answer 45

written laws that don’t change

Question 46

Aristotle argued we must have a mixed government because

Answer 46

we all want to share our opinions

Question 47

A mixed government must have at least two of the three types of government Monarchy, Aristocracy or Democracy.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

In order to increase man’s inherent morality Aristotle argued for the separation of powers.

Answer 48

False

Question 49

Whose definition of justice left no room for moral interpretation?

Answer 49

Cephalus

Question 50

It was impossible to be just under Thrasymachus’ definition of justice because you cannot know who your friends and enemies are all of the time.

Answer 50

False

Question 51

Justice is the advantage of the stronger means that like Hobbes argued, the strong must rule in society to create order and security for society.

Answer 51

False

Question 52

If the law determines justice then the fear is that the people in power can make the laws

Answer 52

Both to help themselves & to harm the people

Question 53

You must do what is right and let reason rule your desire because

Answer 53

you will punish yourself

Question 54

The city reflects the soul for Socrates so the rules should be the

Answer 54

academics

Question 55

Machiavelli argued no one is every happy and will never be content with a monarchy because we all have a natural desire for possessions.

Answer 55

False

Question 56

Fortune favors the young because they can take more risks as they are increasing in their responsibility.

Answer 56

False

Question 57

Machiavelli argued fortune favored

Answer 57

the young because they have less responsibility

Question 58

Ruling with fear for Machiavelli allowed one to control

Answer 58

All of the above: a. when you were feared b. how much you were feared c. if you were feared d. where you were feared

Question 59

Rousseau argued that because the moderns had decreased man’s potential to reach their goals we needed to return to a less demanding state.

Answer 59

False

Question 60

In order to create independent thinkers Rousseau argued you must do all of the following except

Answer 60

All of the above are required: a. do the experiment yourself b. know that knowledge has value to you c. learn to use all your senses d. challenge everything

Question 61

Machiavelli argued when you punish you need to make punishment all of the following except

Answer 61

bloody

Question 62

Locke argued man is not as evil as Hobbes stated because of the two laws of nature. These laws show man’s natural morality to each other keeps them from killing each other off to the very last one.

Answer 62

False

Question 63

Locke argued that all species have a natural desire to

Answer 63

continue the species

Question 64

Adeimantus as a hedonist wanted his reward now. This led him to the belief that denied the existence of an afterlife.

Answer 64

False

Question 65

An example of Locke’s permanent revolution would be

Answer 65

the US revolution from England

Question 66

The drinking age would be an example of Aristotle’s highest type of law.

Answer 66

False

Question 67

Murder would be an example of Aristotle’s lowest type of law.

Answer 67

False

Question 68

The expansion of suffrage to include women and minorities would be an example of Socrates’ fluid government which expanded to allow for change.

Answer 68

False

Question 69

Rousseau was concerned that if people joined government out of self-interest they would have no reason to sacrifice for each other and would be unable to form a community.

Answer 69

True

Question 70

A community, according to Rousseau, could be formed through complete independence and a return to man’s natural state.

Answer 70

False

Question 71

According to Hobbesian ideas one can look to any society to see what it values by

Answer 71

by looking to see what laws have the harshest punishments

Question 72

The United States most reflects whose ideas about government

Answer 72

Locke

Question 73

Socrates argued that the following should be censored in society in order to guide people to perfection

Answer 73

All of the above: a. books b. architecture c. the family d. the gods

Question 74

Because the development of preferences are what fractured man’s soul Rousseau argued that to be happy again man needed a soulmate that preferred him to all others.

Answer 74

True

Question 75

Because of his desire for independence and happiness Rousseau was the first philosopher of note to argue that women should be educated equally to men and that they should be allowed to choose their own spouses for love.

Answer 75

True

Question 76

Aristotle argued that while repetition could create habits it allowed for true virtue unlike censorship because you can change habits.

Answer 76

False

Question 77

You are attacked while jogging in the park, which theorist argues that you have the right to defend yourself by killing your attacker if necessary?

Answer 77

Locke

Question 78

Locke argues that in the state of nature man is not as violent as Hobbes argues because:

Answer 78

we want to continue the species

Question 79

Your mother asking you if you brushed your teeth every morning and every evening for at least a dozen years is an example of whose teaching?

Answer 79

Aristotle

Question 80

When you choose a side in the war Machiavelli would argue that you need to befriend a democracy because they are quicker to help their friends even at their own expense.

Answer 80

False

Question 81

Locke would argue that the only reason we slow down when we see a policeman is to avoid punishment.

Answer 81

False

Question 82

A Hobbesian King is responsible for

Answer 82

Only defending the people from foreign threats & defending the people from internal strife

Question 83

Machiavelli argued that in a war you should

Answer 83

join the war in order to avoid having no allies at the end of the conflict

Question 84

The boy who could be king was:

Answer 84

Glaucon

Question 85

The purpose of government for the ancients was to

Answer 85

guide man to perfection

Question 86

Aristotle, who argued man must face temptation to be virtuous, also argued that it is necessary to educate the people to virtue and particularly females.

Answer 86

False

Question 87

The Hobbesian King must restrain his absolute rights of freedom in enforcing the laws of the society as he has no power to break the law.

Answer 87

False

Question 88

Who wanted Socrates to explain why one should be just even if there were no eternal reward and one could have the image of a just man while being completely unjust

Answer 88

Both Glaucon & Adeimantus

Question 89

Who argued that justice was the advantage of the stronger

Answer 89

Thrasymachus

Question 90

Cephalus represented the new age of thought among men

Answer 90

False

Question 91

The ideal society in Socrates vision called for complete censorship in order to lead men to virtue

Answer 91

True

Question 92

Censorship of books was of primary concern to Socrates

Answer 92

False

Question 93

The largest part of the soul according to the ancients was

Answer 93

desires

Question 94

The speed limit law, according to the hierarchy of Aristotle would be one of the highest types of law

Answer 94

False

Question 95

The moderns argue that to have a disordered soul (to allow your desires to rule you) leads on to inner conflict and discontent

Answer 95

False

Question 96

The theorist who changed all history by destroying the ancient belief in a telos was

Answer 96

Machiavelli