Exam 1 Flashcards by Ashley Shores

3 types of contraception

Natural
Chemical
Barrier

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Emergency contraception

Up to 5 days

Extreme nausea

Clotting risk

Do not smoke

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Dysmenorrhea/Pre-menopausal syndrome (PMS)

Menstrual pain

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PMS treatment

Increase rest
Reduce salt and sugar
Exercise
Manage stress 
SSRI meds- extreme

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Dysmenorrhea treatment

NSAIDs

Anti-prostaglandin effect

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Preconception care vits/supps

400 mcg folic acid

Vegan- B12 and Fe

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Genetic problems

Genetic counseling
Testing

Sometimes before QUAD screen

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Preconception care labs

CBC
Blood type of both parents (rule out Rh factors)
HIV
STD

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Culture, ethnicity and religion

No illegal = okay

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Common stressors

Socioeconomic (food)
Divorce and remarriage
Family violence
Addictions
Acute or chronic illness
Unplanned or unwanted  pregnancy
Infertility

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Initial prenatal assessment

Physical exam
Lab: HIV
Urine: albumin, glucose, harmful bacteria
Mantoux
Genetic testing and counseling
EDD
Initial risk assessment

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Return prenatal visits

Weight
BP
Urine
FHT
Edema assessment
Exposure risk: toxoplasmosis

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Obstetrics

Pregnancy and birth

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Response to fatherhood/parenthood

1st tri- fear of loss
2nd tri- initial attachment
3rd tri- fear of harming wife or fetus during sexual relation

Throughout- increased romanticism, family participation, anxiety about finances and safe handling baby

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Breast health

No malformation..
Indentation
Discharge
Pain

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Lactation consultant

Nipples are flat/inverted
Breast surgery
Argumentation

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Presumptive signs of pregnancy

Amenorrhea
Nausea
Frequent urination
Fatigue
Quickening
Breast changes- darker nips
Pigment changes

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Probably signs of pregnancy

Basal body temp elevation (b4 getting up in am)

Positive test

Cervical, vulvar, vag changes

Uterine changes

Ballottement

Enlargement of abd

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Positive signs of pregnancy

Ultrasound

Fetal heartbeat- Doppler, fetoscope

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Stages of human development

Conception and sex determination
Zygote and implantation
Period of embryo (critical 0-60 days)
Period of fetus (blood circulation and amniotic fluid)

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Blastocyst

7-8 days after fertilization

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Implantation risks

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Too high= detached, pulled

Too low= no labor, dilation effects placenta

Maternal changes

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Increased breast size
Abd growth
Lordosis
Expanded rib cage
Changed center of Gravity (shift forward)

Celphalocaudal principle

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Infant growth head to toe

Normal FHR

110-160

Fetal circulation complication

Ductus venosus and umbilical arteries close Circulatory issue Funny baby color No energy for baby

Pica

Nonfood craving

Preeclampsia

Hypertension S/s Increase facial swelling Weight gain

QUAD screen tests for

16-18 weeks High and low AFP, hCG, estriol, high inhibin-A Mothers age Ethnicity

When QUAD should be completed

``` History of birth defects 35+ Harmful med use Diabetes Viral infection during preg High level of radiation exposure ``` Genetic counseling of positive

Rhogam

Rh- mothers Keep baby’s blood from interacting with mothers Can treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) Prevent antibody development to future preg- can terminate

MSFAP

14-22 weeks High and low alpha-fetoprotein Possible genetic disorder

High alpha alpha-fetoprotein indication

neural tube defect (spina bifida) anencephaly Esophagus defect Failure of infant abd to close Most common- incorrect dating of preg

Low alpha-fetoprotein indication

Trisomy 21 (downs) Trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome)

GTPAL

G- gestation T- how many to term (delivered 37-40 weeks) P- how many preterm (before 37) A- abortions (spontaneous or Induced) L- how many preg resulted in living children

Nageles rule

EDD/EDC Determine first day of last period Add 7 days Subtract 3 mo

What causes nausea and trtmt

Increased level HCGF Small, freq meals

Pregnancy validation

1st tri 1-13

Fetal embodiment

2nd tri 14-27

Fetal distinction

3rd tri 28-term

Anemia

Hemoglobin below 11.0 Hematocrit below 33%

Quickening

First baby movement 17-20 weeks

Danger: 1st tri

Bleeding Abd cramping No longer feeling preg No FHT

Danger: 3rd tri

``` Bleeding Abd pain PTL, PPROM, PROM Decreased fetal movement Severe headache Vision changes Dizziness Sudden edema Epigastric pain fever, chills, chest pain ```

PIH

pregnancy induced hypertension

PIH risks

``` Premature delivery Seizure Placental abruption Stroke Hemorrhage Birth defects ```

PIH s/s

``` Headache Visual disturbance Dizziness Fluid retention Weight gain Epigastric pain ``` +30 systolic +15 diastolic

PIH treatment

Mg sulfate for seizure prevention Always have Ca gluconate available!!

Seizure precautions

Low lights No visitors Quiet room Padded bed rails

Glucose testing

Glucose challenge screening (26-28 weeks) + then next test is.. Glucose tolerance test

Glucose tolerance test (GTT)

Every hour for 3 hours ``` Abnormal readings.. Fasting 95+ 1 hr 180+ 2 hrs 155+ 3 hrs 140+ ```

Meds to attempt to stop labor

Terbutaline/ Brethine Mg Sulfate Suspected: 1-2 doses betamethasone

Betamethasone

Premature fetal lung development Speeds up

Exam 1 Flashcards

(53 cards)