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Maternal Child > Terminology > Flashcards

Terminology Flashcards

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1
Q

ECD

A

Endocardial cushion defect

Fails to form properly

Holes in atrial and ventricular wall and tricuspid and mitral valves form together as a large valve

Often seen in Down’s syndrome

Repaired surgically

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2
Q

ECD s/s

A 
Shortness of breath
Respiratory distress
Periorbital edema 
Failure to thrive 
Resp infections
Distended liver
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3
Q

ECD diagnosis

A

Heart murmur
Chest X-ray
ECG

Confirmation:
Echocardiogram
Cardiac catheterization
MRI

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4
Q

Gravid

A

Pregnant

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5
Q

Gravida

A

Pregnant woman

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6
Q

Gravidity

A

Number of times woman has been pregnant

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7
Q

Parity

A

Number of pregnancies carried to 24 weeks

Ex para 1

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8
Q

Striae

A

Stretch marks

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9
Q

Braxton Hicks

A

Contractions are irregular and painless

16th week gestation

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10
Q

Chadwick’s sign

A

Bluish discoloration of cervix, vagina, labia

Increased blood flow

Present as early sign of pregnancy

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11
Q

Amenorrhea

A

Abnormal absence of period

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12
Q

Hyperemesis gravidarum

A

Severe nausea and vomiting

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13
Q

Leopolds maneuver

A

Determine position of fetus inside women’s uterus

Estimate term fetal weight

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14
Q

Colostrum

A

Breast fluid that precedes breast milk

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15
Q

Quickening

A

Fetal movement

2nd trimester

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16
Q

Lightening

A

38 weeks

Fetal head settles into pelvic cavity moving uterus downward

Beginning of engagement

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17
Q

Doppler

A

Ultrasounds stethoscope

Locate fetal heart sounds

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18
Q

Fetoscope

A

Usually used if avoiding Doppler

Still need to palpate women abdomen accurately to determine fetal position and locate fetal shoulder

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19
Q

Amniocentesis

A

Invasive procedure

Removal of amniotic fluid

Needle inserted into maternal abdomen and into amniotic sac

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20
Q

Maternal Serum Alpha Fetal Protein (MSFAP)

A

Plasma protein produced by fetus in mothers blood

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21
Q

Human chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

A

Diagnose pregnancy

Produced by trophoblast (outer layer of blastocyst)

Maintains corpus luteum (ovarian follicular left after ovulation)

Keep levels of estrogen and progesterone until placenta has developed

Van limit maternal immune response

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22
Q

LMP

A

Last normal menstrual period

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23
Q

Menarche

A

First period

12.5 average age

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24
Q

Nagle’s rule

A

Calculating due date of pregnancy when assuming 280 days gestational

Expected date of delivery (EDD)

Add a year, subtract 3 mo, add 7 days to gestational age

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25
Fundal height
Uterine size Correlates with fetal growth 22-34 weeks gestation Tape measure and finger breadths above umbilicus (only works with same examiner)
26
Bishops score
Cervix score Pre labor scoring system Prediction if induction is needed Also assessed likelihood of preterm delivery
27
Friedman’s curve
Average time it takes to dilate each centimeter
28
Cervical dilation
Opening of cervix Entrance of uterus Natural or induced Occurs during childbirth, miscarriage, abortion, gynecological surgery
29
Effacement
Cervical ripening Thinning of cervix Component of Bishop score Percentage *thick of elastic stretching and thinning out
30
Station
Extent of fetal descent through maternal pelvis
31
Pap smear
Cervical cancer Collection of cells
32
Progesterone
Produced by corpus luteum Supply oxygen and nutritents to endometrium
33
Amniotic fluid use
Inside the amnion Barrier from infection Growth and development, protection from mechanical injury, body temp regulation, symmetrical fetal growth, prevent adherence of amnion to fetus, musculoskeletal development
34
Amniotic fluid appearance
3 weeks 30 mL- 10 weeks 800 mL- 24 weeks 700-800 mL- full term
35
Amniotic fluid clearance
Fetal swallowing Absorption through placenta
36
Amniotic fluid components
Slightly alkaline Antibacterial and protective substances found in breast milk Albumin, uric acid, creatinine, lecithin, sphingomyelin, bilirubin, vernix, leukocytes, epithelial cells, lanugo
37
Leukorrhea
Increase white vag discharge Hyperplasia of vaginal mucosa and increased mucus production from endocervical glands
38
Leukorrhea teaching
Call provider if discharge is yellow/green, thicker, bloody, foul odor Itching, irritation, pain
39
Embryo
Flattened sick between amnion and yolk sac Embryo connected to yolk sac by body stalk Embryo until 8 weeks
40
Abortion
Loss of fetus 20-22 weeks gestation Less than 500 grams Too immature to survive outside the uterus (extrauterine)
41
Preterm or premature
Fetus born before 37 weeks
42
Non stress test (NST)
Antenatal screening Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) 20 minutes Moves at intervals so CNS and myocardium respond to movement Response by acceleration of FHR
43
Contraction stress test
FHR response to uterine contraction Fetal oxygenation EFM obtains FHR 20 min
44
Biophysical profile
Noninvasive Fetal physical examination FHR combined with ultrasonography Fetus responds to central hypoxia by movement, muscle tone, breathing, HR patterns
45
5 components of byophysical profile (BPP)
``` Non stress test (NST) Fetal breathing (30 sec) Fetal movement (3+ body/limb mvmt) Fetal tone (flexion/extension) Determination of amniotic fluid volume ```
46
Amniotic fluid index
Long term placenta function Greater than 5 cm is adequate
47
Vertex
Area between anterior and posterior fontanelles
48
Breech
Fetal buttox enter maternal pelvis first Occur in 3%. Births Attitude of fetal hips and knees Preterm births or hydrocephaly (large head)
49
Breach disadvantages
Umbilical cord prolapse Fetal buttocks or feet not as smooth and hard as fetal head (less effective to dilate cervix) Umbilical cord compression
50
Corpus luteum
Second half, literal phase of ovarian cycle 14 day lifespan Secretes estrogen and progesterone to produce negative feedback signals to anterior pituitary gland to decrease production of FSH and LH
51
Ptyalism
Excessive salivation Increased hormone levels Can be symptom of hyperemesis gravidarum, extreme: dehydration
52
Pytalism teaching
Small frequent meals Avoid starchy foods Drink plenty of water in small sips Suck on hard candies Brush teeth frequently
53
Pica
Consumption of nonnutritive substances Ex. Eating clay, dirt, cornstarch, Ice Disabled, African Americans, middle eastern
54
Fetal fibronectin
Cervicovaginal fluid 16-20 weeks gestation “Glue” attaches to fetal membranes and uterine decidua Released when contractions occur
55
Amnisure test
Detects (PAMG-1) amniotic protein in vaginal discharge following rupture of membrane Amniotic fluid test
56
Apgar
1 minute after birth and 5 min after birth 5 signs evaluated ``` Heart rate Respiratory effort Muscle tone Reflex irritability Color ```
57
Moro reflex
Infants head lift Extension of both arms and flexion of both legs
58
Ballard scale
Neuromuscular maturity and physical maturity Identify decreased level of muscle and joint flexibility and ability to return to original position after movement Within first 12 hours life 10-36 hours best
59
Caput
Vacuum extractor marking on infant head Disappear after hours or up to 7 days Not harmful Complications: hematoma, hemorrhage, Laceration Observe: trauma and infection, jaundice *think cone head
60
Erythema toxicum
Face and chest, over body Most common in neonates “Erythema neonatorum” or “newborn rash” or “flea bite” Small, irregular, flat red patches on cheeks Small yellow pimples on chest, abdomen, extremities Can persist up to 1 mo
61
Lanugo
Fine, Downy hair Present at 20 weeks Covers body except palms, soles, areas hair isn’t found
62
Acrocyanosis
Cyanosis at 1 min apgar check Normal
63
Meconium
20% births Rupture of membrane Careful surveillance of EFM and possible fetal scalp blood sampling
64
Meconium passed during labor
Hypoxia Sphincter relaxation Breech presentation Umbilical cord compression
65
Gastroschisis
Congenital Diagnosed during prenatal ultrasound Stomach and intestine herniate through abdomen wall
66
Anencephaly
Incomplete closure of anterior portion of neural tube Portions of brain, forehead, skull , occiput missing Respirators and monitored to asses viability
67
Omphalocele
Congenital Intestines protrude into umbilical cord region of abdominal wall Trisomy 13 and 18 Greater than 4cm (less than=hernia)
68
Meaningocele
Protruding sac on cervical, thoracic or lumbar vertebrae Thin layer of muscle and skin covers lesion
69
Myelomeningocele
Most severe form spina bifida Evident on delivery Meninges protrude though the defect and meninges contain spinal cord elements
70
Spina bifida s/s
Visualization of meningocele or Myelomeningocele Weakness Paralysis Sensory loss
71
Severe spina bifida s/s
Visualization of Myelomeningocele Neurological defects Hip and joint disformigies Impaired bowel and bladder function
72
Spina bifida prevention
Exposure to hyperthermia (hot tub, sauna) Avoid anti seizure meds 400 mcg folic acid Green leafy veg, liver, legumes, Oj, fortified breakfast cereals, multivitamins
73
Spina bifida nursing intervention
Prevent injury and infection at site Redness, purulent drainage, bleeding, necrosis assessment Is sac ruptured and leaks CSF risk for meningitis
74
Bulb syringe
Suction nose and mouth
75
Erythromycin ophthalmic
Prevent ophthalmia neonatorum, eye inflamm from gonorrheal or chlamydial infection from birth canal
76
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)
Preterm newborns Ischemic episode in bowel Lack of oxygen Blood shunted from nonessential organ (bowel) to kings and brain Food and gas build up
77
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) worst complication
Septicemia
78
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)s/s
Lack of bowel movement Emesis Prefeeding aspirates Abdominal distention Increase 1-2cm abd circ from last feed Irritability Lethargy
79
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)diagnosis
X-ray Sausage shaped dilation of intestine present Free air is dangerous
80
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) lab findings
``` Leukopenia Metabolic acidosis Anemia Electrolytes imbalance Leukocytosis ```
81
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) prevention
Keep O2 within range Decrease environmental stress
82
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC)nursing interventions
Measure and record abd circumference Auscultate bowel sounds before every feeding Observe for abd distention
83
Frontal occipital circumference (FOC)
Paper tape tenths of cm Place above eyebrow and pinna of ears Wrapped around occipital prominence in back of head 3x largest recording Norm: 13-15 in (33-38 cm) Repeated until 36 mo
84
Torticollis
Deviation of neck to one side caused by spasmodic contraction of neck muscles Head positioned on one side and neck opposite side
85
Subinvolution
failure of uterusnto return to non pregnant state Multiple births, hydramnios, prolonged labor, difficult birth, infection, Grand multiparity, excessive maternal analgesia Full bladder or retained placental tissue
86
Involution
Reduction of uterus size after birth

Maternal Child (4 decks)

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