Exam 1 Flashcards by Har Benkula

Highest horse population was in 1920 with _____ horses.

25+ million

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What are the 4 major horse uses in the U.S.

Recreation (47%)
Farm/Ranch (25%
Breeding (8.5%)
Showing (8.1%)

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What are the 4 major Jobs for people in the U.S horse industry?

Recreation (31%)
Racing (27%)
Showing (27%)
Other (15%)

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How much revenue does the horse industry bring to the U.S.?

$39 billion revenue

$1.9 billion taxes

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Racing, Showing, and recreation bring in $_____ each.

$10-12 billion

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Approximately how many horses are in Idaho?

221,000 horses

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_____% of horses in Idaho are used for pleasure, _____% are used for breeding, and _____% are used for ranch/farm work.

31
21
16

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Idaho horses are 
\_\_\_\_\_% Quarter horse 
\_\_\_\_\_% Paint
\_\_\_\_\_% Arabian
\_\_\_\_\_% Appaloosa
\_\_\_\_\_% Thoroughbred

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1st cloned equine

Mule Idaho Gem

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Idaho state horse

Appaloosa

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Types of horse enterprises

Boarding stables
Pay-to-ride
Lessons
Training &amp; Showing 
Racing 
Ranching 
Breeding farm, Stallion stations

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What are the three basic types of horses?

Draft horses
Light horses
Ponies

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All horses are _____

Equus caballus

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Largest number if horses in the U.S. are _____

light horses

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Light horses are used for _____

Riding
Showing
Racing
Ranch work

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Light horses are usually _____ to _____ hands, and are _____ to _____ pounds.

13.2
17.2
850
1500

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Draft horses are used for _____.

Field work
Pulling competitions
Show hitches

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Draft horses are usually _____ to _____ hands, and are _____ to _____ pounds

15
18
1400
2500

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Types of bones in the horse skeletal system and examples.

long- fear, humorous
short- pasture, canon
flat- ribs
irregular- vertebrae

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Bones are held together by _____

Ligaments

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Muscles are attached to bones by _____

Tendons

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Joints are lubricated with _____

Synovial fluid

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There are _____ cervical vertebrae.

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There are _____ thoracic vertebrae.

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There are _____ lumbar vertebrae.

There are _____ sacrum vertebrae.

There are _____ caudal vertebrae.

15-22

There are _____ ribs.

_____ tendons are along the front of the legs.

extensor

Explain Stay Apparatus

The flexor tendons only extend to a certain point, then the check ligaments take the load off the muscles.

The two examples of the Central Nervous system.

Spinal cord | Brain Stems

What are the basic patterns of locomotion?

Spinal reflexes

Specialized sensory organs

Ears Eyes Nose

_____ curling go the upper lip in response to teasing, urine odor.

Flehman Response

Field of vision ~ _____ with each eye

215

Only area outside the field of view

directly behind the horse

Field of vision is influenced by

Shape of head and jaw Size of eyes Position of head

_____ is the ability to sweat

Thermoregulation

_____ protects hair from overwetting & increase insulating ability, also adds luster

Sebum

4 wild horse types

Tarpan Forest Asiatic Wild Tundra

4-beat gait that is slow

Walk

2-beat diagonal gait

Back

2-beat diagonal gait, faster than a walk

Trot/Jog

2-beat lateral gait, faster than a walk

Pace

3-beat gait

Canter/ Lope

4-beat gait

Gallop

Difference between a fox trot and running walk

Fox trot- walking in front, trotting in back | Running walk- 4 beat gait with lateral sequence

Conformation

Determines the ability to perform Necessary for selection Skeletal correctness necessary

Conformation faults = _____

Unsoundness

Good neck

long, arched, good angle

Low-set neck

comes out of the front of the shoulders

High-set neck

angles upward from shoulders

Withers lower than the croup

mainly seen in young horses that are still growing | Fat can fill in withers

Withers higher than the croup

structural problem - off balance | could be from age, muscle condition, hurt?

Sickle-hocked

Too much slope

Straight shoulder

Too upright | Will almost always be straight hipped

Club-footed

Weak Over-trimmed toe Upright heels

Coon-footed

Steep Collapsed heels Long toe

Feet move forward inward ares - "winging"

Base wide winging

Feet move inward in larger inward ares - "winging"

Splayed feet winging

Feet move forward in outward ares - "paddling"

Base narrow paddling

Feet move forward in wider outward ares - "paddling"

Pigeon toed paddling

Toes in (pigeon-toed)

Paddling

Toes out (splayed-footed)

Winging in

Base narrow

Plaiting

Skeleton of the saddle

Tree

Highest jump a horse has done

8 ft 1 in

Western saddle: Light to moderate riding Smaller horn

Pleasure/trail western saddle

Western saddle: Comfort saddle Extended fender Cantle - little higher (terrain)

Endurance western saddle

``` Western saddle: For showing More ornate, silver Expensive Designed for not a lot of movement ```

Equitation western saddle

Western saddle: Requires balance Flat seat - designed for movement with the horse

Reining western saddle

Western saddle: Lightweight Steeper seat Rounded Skirt - flexibility and movement to the hind quarters

Barrel Racing/ Gymkhana western saddle

Western saddle: Heavier Thicker horn Always has a back cinch

Roping western saddle

Western saddle: Tallest most upright horn Rounded - thinner stirrup Forward leg position

Cutting western saddle

2 primary types of English Saddles

Hunt seat | Saddle seat

3 types of Hunt "forward" seat

All purpose Close contact Dressage

English saddle: Most popular Multiple use- Eventing, Equitation, Pleasure, Trail Riding

All purpose Hunt "forward" seat

English saddle: Primarily for Jumping Allows for Close contact

Close Contact Hunt "forward" seat

English saddle: Deepest seat & straight, longer flap Allows maximum side contact between horse and rider

Dressage Hunt "forward" seat

English saddle: Designed for riding on flat terrain Flexibility for withers

Saddle Seat "flat" seat

Exam 1 Flashcards

(80 cards)