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GSU Human Communications > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

Chapters 1-6 (75 cards)

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1
Q

relativism

A

idea that truth is relative to standards of a given culture

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2
Q

moral subjectivism

A

moral opinions are subjective

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3
Q

argument

A

presents consideration for accepting a claim

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4
Q

belief bias

A

tendency to evaluate reasoning by believability of its conclusion

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5
Q

confirmation bias

A

tendency to attach more weight to evidence that supports our viewpoint

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6
Q

heuristics

A

gen earl rules we unconsciously follow in estimating probabilities

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7
Q

availability heuristic

A

unconsciously assigning probability on basis of how often you think of that event

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8
Q

false consensus effect

A

inclination we may have to assume our attitudes and those others have are shared by society at large

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9
Q

relational needs

A

essential elements we look for in our relationships with other people

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10
Q

instrumental needs

A

communicating to meet practical every day needs

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11
Q

action model

A

communication as a one way process

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12
Q

encode

A

put an idea into language

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13
Q

interaction model

A

describes communication as a process shaped by feedback and context

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14
Q

transaction model

A

describes communication as a process in which everyone is simultaneously sender and receiver

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15
Q

content dimension

A

literal info thats communicated by a message

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16
Q

relational dimension

A

signals about the relationship in which a message is being communicated

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17
Q

metacommunication

A

communication about communication

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18
Q

interpersonal communication

A

communication with yourself

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19
Q

interpersonal communication

A

communication with 2 people in context of their relationship

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20
Q

cognitive complex

A

ability to understand a given situation in multiple ways

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21
Q

infinite generativity

A

ability to produce endless number of meaningful sentences using a finite set of words/rules

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22
Q

phonology

A

sound system of a language

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23
Q

morphology

A

units of meaning involved in word formation

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24
Q

syntax

A

way words are combined

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25
semantics
meaning of words and sentences
26
pragmatics
appropriate use of language in different contexts
27
telegraphic speech
short/precise words without grammatical markers (ex: articles)
28
fast mapping
helps explain how young children learn connection between words and referent so quickly
29
whole language approach
reading instruction should parallel children's natural language learning
30
phonics approach
reading should teach basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds
31
broca's area
area of the brain's left frontal lobe that's involved in language comprehension
32
wernicke's area
area of the brain's left hemisphere that's involved in language comprehension
33
aphasia
loss or impairment of language processing as a result of damage to Broca's or wernicke's area
34
child directed speech
higher pitch and simple words
35
recasting
rephrasing something a kid said
36
expanding
restate what the kid said
37
labeling
identify name of object
38
6 characteristics of nonverbal communication
1. present in most communication context 2. often conveys more info than verbal 3. usually believed over verbal 4. primary means of expressing emotion 5. it metacommunicates 6. serves multiple functions
39
immediacy behaviors
nonverbal signs of affection
40
oculesics
study of eye behavior
41
gesticulation
use of arm and hand movements to communicate
42
emblems
gestures with direct verbal translation (ex.- waving hello)
43
illustrators
gestures that go with words in order to clarify
44
affect displays
communicates emotion (ex- wring hands when nervous)
45
regulators
control the flow of conversation (ex- raise hands)
46
adapters
satisfy person need (ex- itch)
47
haptics
study of sense of touch
48
vocalics
characteristics of voice that communicates meaning
49
paralanguage
vocalic behaviors that communicate meaning along with verbal behavior
50
olfactics
study of sense of smell
51
proxemics
study of use of space
52
halo effect
predisposition to attribute positive qualities to attractive people
53
artifacts
objects/ visual features that reflect person's identity preferences
54
interpersonal attraction
draws people together
55
social attraction
attracted to someone's personality
56
task attraction
attracted to person's ability
57
uncertainty reduction theory
people find uncertainty unpleasant, so that's why we get to know one another
58
social exchange theory
people seek to maintain relationships where benefits outweigh costs
59
comparison level
expectation of what one wants and what they think they deserve in a relationship
60
comparison level for alternatives
assessment of how much better or worse current relationship is compared to other options
61
equity theory
good relationships = ratio of cost/benefits is equal to partner's
62
relational maintenance behaviors theory
primary behaviors people use to maintain relationships
63
social penetration theory
depth and breadth of self disclosure help us learn about a person - breadth= range of topics - depth= how intimate/personal
64
norm of reprocity
social expectation that favors should be reciprocated
65
conflict management strategies
- avoiding - accommodating - compromising - competing - collaborating
66
demand withdraw pattern
one partner makes demands and the other partner responds by withdrawing
67
low context cultures
people are to be direct and say what you mean
68
high context culture
speak in an indirect and inexplicit way
69
low power distance culture
people believe no one person or group should have excessive power
70
high power distance culture
certain groups have far greater power than average citizen
71
monochromic culture
view time as a commodity
72
polychronic culture
time is fluid, holistic, infinite
73
uncertainty avoidance
people try to avoid situations that are unstructured, unclear, unpredictable
74
ethnocentrism
tendency to judge other's culture's practices as inferior to one's own
75
code switch
switch between jargon and plain language in order to be understood by others

GSU Human Communications (2 decks)

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