Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
Professional nursing roles include: _______, __________, __________-, __________, and _______.
A
autonomy/accountability, caregiver, advocator, educator, and communicator
2
Q
________ is the protection, promotion, optimization of health and abilities
A
nursing
3
Q
the ______ is the philosophical ideals of right and wrong that define the principals you use to take care of patients
A
code of ethics
4
Q
_______ is the initiation of independence
A
autonomy
5
Q
as a _____ you help patients maintain and regain health
A
caregiver
6
Q
as a _________ you protect you patient’s human and legal rights and provide assistance in asserting these rights
A
patient advocate
7
Q
as an _____ you explain concepts and facts about health, and describe the reason for routine care activities
A
educator
8
Q
your effectiveness as a _______ allows you to know your patients
A
communicator
9
Q
______- describes the study of all the genes in a person and how the person and the genes react to the environment
A
genomics
10
Q
the levels of care are demonstrated by a critical thinking model known as the nursing process: _______ _______ ________ _______ ________
A
assessment, diagnosis, planning, implantation, evaluation
11
Q
the ______________ addresses the challenge to prepare nurses with the competencies needed to continuously improve the quality of care in their work environments
A
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN)
12
Q
_________ involves formal, organized educational programs offered by universities, hospitals, or other organizations
A
continuing education
13
Q
_______ programs are instruction or training provided by a health care agency
A
in service education
14
Q
- the stage after pyrexia has broken and the body begins to return to normal temperature
A
Afebrile
15
Q
- the place that the apex of a heart pulse is felt
A
Apical pulse
16
Q
- temporary cessation of breathing
A
Apnea
17
Q
- the force exerted on the wall of an artery by the pulling of blood from the heart 120/80 is normal
A
Blood pressure
18
Q
- a slow heat rate below 60 bmp in adults
A
Bradycardia
19
Q
- the relative constant temperature of the internal human body which is 98.6F
A
Core temperature
20
Q
- visible perspiration on the forehead or thorax. For each hour in exercise, 1/2 to 2L of water can be lost through sweat
A
Diaphoresis
21
Q
- the minimal pressure exerted against artery walls at all times
A
Diastolic pressure
22
Q
- ventilation of the lungs
A
Eupnea
23
Q
- the transfer of heat energy when a liquid is changed to a gas
A
Evaporation
24
Q
- also called pyrexia occurs when heat loss mechanisms are unable to keep up with heat production resulting in abnormal body temperature
A
Fever
25
- the most common problem with BP; is assorted with the thickening and loss of elasticity of the artery walls; Hg systolic 120 - 139 mm Hg
Hypertension
26
- an elevated body temperature due to an inability of the body to promote heat loss
Hyperthermia
27
- is present when the systolic BP falls to 90mm Hg or below
Hypotension
28
- heat loss during prolonged exposure to the cold that overwhelms the body’s ability to produce heat
Hypothermia
29
- abnormal low concentration of oxygen in the blood
Hypoxemia
30
- occurs when a normotensive person develops symptoms and a drop in systolic pressure by at least 20mm Hg or a drop in diastolic by at least 20mm Hg within 3 min of standing up right
Orthostatic hypotension
31
- the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure
Pulse Pressure
32
- the amount of oxygen bound to hemoglobin molecules >95%
Oxygen saturation
33
- an inefficient contraction of the heart that fails to transmit a pulse wave to the peripheral pulse site
Pulse Deficit
34
- occurs when heat loss mechanisms are unable to keep up with heat production resulting in abnormal body temperature
Pyrexia
35
- involuntary response to temperature differences in the body; it can increase heat production by 4 to 5 times normal
Shivering
36
- device to measure blood pressure; includes a pressure manometer, an occlusive cuff that encompasses a rubber bladder, and a pressure bulb with a release valve
Sphygmomanometer
37
- the peak of the blood pressure when ejecting from the heart
Systolic blood pressure
38
- an abnormal elevated heart rate above 100 bpm in adults
Tachycardia
39
- abnormal rapid breathing >20 breaths per min
Tachypnea
40
What are Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?
```
oxygen , fluids, nutrition, body temp, elemation, shelter, sex
Physical safety, psychological safety
Love and belonging
Self esteem
Self actualization
```
41
- activities related to maintaining, attaining, or regaining good health and preventing illness
Positive health behaviors
42
- practices that are potentially harmful to health
Negative health behaviors
43
- emotional and spiritual well being and other dimensions of an individual to be important aspects of health
Holistic health model
44
- activities such as routine exercise that help patients maintain or enhance their present lives
Health Promotion
45
- strategies that help people achieve a new understanding and control of their lives
Wellness
46
- activities such as immunization programs that help protect patients from actual threats to health
Illness Prevention
47
- individuals gain from the activities of others without doing any action
Passive Strategies of Health Promotion
48
- individuals adopt specific health programs
Active Strategies of Health Promotion
49
- is applied to patients that are considered healthy; aimed at health promotion includes educational programs, immunizations, nutritional programs, and physical fitness
Primary Prevention
50
- focuses on people who are experiencing health problems; activities are directed at diagnosis and treatment and allowing the patient to return to a normal life
Secondary Prevention
51
- when a disability is permanent or irreversible; activities are directed at rehabilitation and minimizing the effects of the disease or problem
Tertiary prevention
52
- variables or situations that increase vulnerability of an individual to an illness or accident
Risk factors
53
Risk factors include:
Genes
Age
Environment
Lifestyle
54
Stages of changing Health Behaviors:
Precontemplation - not contemplating change
Contemplation - thinking of change in six months
Preparation - preparing to make changes
Action - making the change
Maintenance - maintaining the change
55
- a state in which a person's physical, emotional social or developmental functioning is diminished
Illness
56
-short duration illness
Acute illness
57
- illness that persists longer than six months
Chronic illness
58
_______ is an essential skill that involves the interpretation of a patients needs, concerns, or health problems and the decisions to make
Clinical Judgement
59
_______ is the ability to think in a systematic and logical manner
Critical thinking
60
- purposeful thinking back or recalling a situation to discover its purpose or meaning
Reflection
61
Three levels of the critical thinking model:
basis, complex and commitment
62
- a learner trusts that the experts have the correct answers; based on a set of rules or principles
Basic Critical Thinking
63
- a person’s thinking abilities and initiative to look beyond expert opinion and begin to make decisions more independently
Complex Critical Thinking
64
- anticipating when to make decisions and accepting accountability for your actions
Commitment
65
Steps of the Scientific method:
```
Identify problem
Collect data
Formulate hypothesis
Test hypothesis
Evaluate results
```
66
- evaluating a situation over time, identifying solutions, trying solution to prove its effectiveness
Problem solving
67
- product of critical thinking that focuses on problem resolution
Decision making
68
- process of drawing conclusion based on related pieces of evidence or previous experience with the evidence
Inference
69
- choosing the options for the best patient outcomes on the basis of a patient's condition and priority of the problem
Clinical Decision Making
70
- information that you obtain through the use of the senses
Cue
71
Subjective Data is ___________
Verbal description of a health problem
72
Objective Data is ________
Observations or measurements about a patient's health
73
Things to keep in mind for a patient centered interview
| The four C’s of communication
Courtesy
Comfort
Connection
Confirmation
74
What is the purpose for a physical examination?
Gather a baseline data
Identify and confirm a diagnosis
Make clinical decision
Evaluate the outcome of care
75
The _________ is a systematic approach for collecting subjective information about a patient
Review of Systems
76
______ is defined as freedom from psychological and physical injury
Safety
