Exam 2 (immobility) Flashcards
(65 cards)
1
Q
- is a term that describes the coordinated efforts of the musculoskeletal and nervous system
A
Body mechanics
2
Q
- refers to the positioning of the body while standing, sitting, and laying
A
Posture
3
Q
- means that an individual’s center of gravity is stable
A
Body alignment
4
Q
- a force that occurs in a direction opposite to movement
A
Friction
5
Q
- the force exerted against the skin remains stationary and the bony structures move
A
Shear
6
Q
- fractures created by weakened bones
A
Pathological fractures
7
Q
- an intervention that restricts patients to bed for therapeutic reasons
A
Bed rest
8
Q
- refers to a person’s inability to move
A
Immobility
9
Q
- refers to a person’s ability to move freely
A
Mobility
10
Q
- loss of muscle tone and joint stiffness
A
Muscle atrophy
11
Q
- one’s body excreting more nitrogen than it ingested proteins
A
Negative nitrogen balance
12
Q
- collapse of the alveoli
A
Atelectasis
13
Q
- a drop of blood pressure greater than 20 mmHg systolic and 10 mmHg diastolic when the patient changes from supine to standing position
A
Orthostatic hypotension
14
Q
- inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions
A
Hypostatic pneumonia
15
Q
- is an accumulation of a blood clot attached to an interior wall of a vein or artery
A
Thrombus
16
Q
- the foot is permanently fixed in the plantar position
A
Foot Drop
17
Q
- an abnormal and possibly permanent fixed joint
A
Joint contracture
18
Q
- impaired calcium metabolism; the bone becomes less dense or atrophied due to immobilization
A
Disuse osteoporosis
19
Q
- due to insufficient effort of the ureters to overcome gravity, urine fills the renal pelvis; a UTI can occur as a result
A
Urinary stasis
20
Q
- style of walking
A
Gait
21
Q
- the maximum amount of motion available at a joint in one of the three planes: sagittal, transverse or frontal
A
Range of Motion (ROM)
22
Q
- an impairment in the skin due to prolonged ischemia (decreased blood supply)
A
Pressure ulcer
23
Q
- calcium stones
A
Renal calculi
24
Q
- physical activity that conditions the body
A
Exercise
25
- the maximum about of exercise a person can do without injury
Activity tolerance
26
- percussion and postural drainage; effective for preventing pneumonia
Chest physiotherapy
27
- a dislodged venous thrombus
Embolus
28
- measurements such as height, weight, and skinfold thickness; use to evaluate muscle atrophy
Anthropometric measurements
29
- a cotton blanket that is folded and rolled to prevent external rotation of the hips whine a patient is supine
Trochanter roll
30
- one sided weakness
Hempiparesis
31
- one sided paralysis
Hemiplegia
32
- activities that are needed to be independent in society such as cooking, shopping and taking medication
Instrumental activities beyond daily living (IADLs)
33
- a triangular device that hangs over a patient that helps them pull up their upper body
Trapeze bar
34
- a congenital or acquired condition where head is inclined to affected side, in which the sternocleidomastoid muscle is contracted.
Torticollis
35
- a congenital, temporary condition where the anterior convex curve of the lumbar spine is exaggerated.
Lordosis
36
- a congenital condition where the convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine is increase
Kyphosis
37
- lateral S or C shaped spinal column with vertical rotation, unequal heights of hips and shoulders.
Scoliosis
38
- hip instability with limited abduction of hips and occasional adduction contractures.
Congenital hip dysplasia
39
- internal rotation of forefoot or entire foot; common in infants.
Pigeon toes
40
- inability to dorsiflex and invert foot because of peroneal nerve damage.
Foot Drop
41
- 95% medial deviation and plantar flexion of foot. 5% lateral deviation and dorsiflection
Clubfoot
42
- one or both legs bent outward at knee, which is normal until 2-3 years of age.
Bowlegs
43
- legs curved inward so knees come together as a person walks.
Knock knee
44
- involves physiological changes following a period of inactivity, bed rest, or sedentary lifestyle
Deconditioning
45
- activities usually performed in the course of a normal day in the patient's life such as eating, dressing, bathing brushing the teeth, or grooming.
Activities of daily living (ADLs)
46
- midpoint or center of the weight of a body or object.
Center of gravity
47
- boards at the end of a patients bed that the patient uses to move themselves up in bed.
Footboards
48
- the connection between bones.
Joint
49
- fit closely together and are fixed, permitting little, if any movement such as syndesmosis between the tibia or fibula.
Fibrous joints
50
- have little movement but are elastic and use cartilage to unite separate bony surfaces such as the synchondrosis that attaches the ribs to the costal cartilage.
Cartilaginous joints
51
- such as the hinge type at the elbow, are freely moveable and the most mobile, numerous, and anatomically complex body joints.
Synovial joints (true joints)
52
- are white, shiny, flexible bands of fibrous tissue that bind joints and connect bones and cartilage.
Ligaments
53
- white, glistening, fibrous bands of tissue that occur in various lengths and thickness.
Tendons
54
- is nonvascular, supporting connective tissue with the flexibility of a firm, plastic material.
Cartilage
55
- increased muscle contraction causes muscle shortening, resulting in movement such as when a patient uses an overhead trapeze to pull up in bed.
Concentric tension
56
- helps control the speed and direction of movement.
Eccentric tension
57
- concentric and eccentric muscle actions that are necessary for active movement.
Isotonic contraction
58
- causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active movement of the muscle (i.e. flexing).
Isometric contraction
59
- the normal state of balanced muscle tension.
Muscle tone (tonis)
60
- cause movement in a joint.
Antagonistic muscles
61
- contracts to cause movement to a joint in conjunction with antagonistic muscles.
Synergistic muscles
62
- stabilize joints and continuously oppose the effect of gravity on the body and permit a person to maintain an upright or sitting posture.
Antigravity muscles
63
- gait achieved by a person using crutches. Includes the four-point alternating gait, three-point alternating gait, two-point gait, and swing through gait.
Crutch gait
64
- the awareness of the position of the body and its parts.
Proprioception
65
- permanent cartilage.
Unossified
