Exam 1

Question 1

What is nutrients?

Answer 1

Substances obtained from foods that are vital for growth and maintenance of a healthy body throughout life.

Question 2

What is macronutrients?

Answer 2

Substances needed to supply energy. (In gram quantities per day

Example: Carbs, Fats, and Proteins

Question 3

What is micronutrients?

Answer 3

Substances needed that don’t supply energy.
(In microgram to milligram quantities per day)

Example: Vitamins and Minerals

Question 4

Essential Nutrients

Answer 4

Nutrients that MUST be obtained through the diet in order for the body to function properly.

Question 5

Nutrient Density

Answer 5

The ratio derived by dividing a foods micronutrient content by its calorie content

Example: Fruits and Veggies

Question 6

Energy Density

Answer 6

A comparison of the calorie content of a food with the weight of the food.

Example: Nuts, Cookies, and Fried foods

Question 7

What is metabolism?

Answer 7

The group of chemical reactions occurring in the cells that maintain life.

Question 8

What is anabolism?

Answer 8

Reactions that serve to build larger molecules from small molecules
(Energy required)

Question 9

What is catabolism?

Answer 9

Reactions that serve the break down larger molecules into smaller molecules.
(Release Energy)

Question 10

What is an Enzyme?

Answer 10

Large molecule (usually protein) that makes chemical reactions occur at a fast rate.

Question 11

What does an enzyme bind to?

Answer 11

Substrate

Question 12

This is what the enzyme makes and releases.

Answer 12

Product

Question 13

Gastric ulcer

Answer 13

Erosion of stomach lining due to acid.

Cause: helicobacter pylori, stress, low stomach acid

Treatment: antacids and antibiotics

Question 14

Constipation

Answer 14

Difficult or infrequent bowel evacuation.

Cause: Low water in stool, intestinal inflammation

Question 15

Diarrhea

Answer 15

Increased fluidity and frequency of bowel movements

Cause: infectious agents,unbalanced microbiota, intestinal inflammation

Question 16

Daily value

Answer 16

Generic standard set close to highest RDA value for a specific nutrient.

Question 17

Lactose Intolerance

Answer 17

Occurs when individuals fail to produce lactase enzyme.

Question 18

Hypoglycemia

Answer 18

Blood sugar levels under 70 mL/dL.

Question 19

Hyperglycemia

Answer 19

Blood sugar levels above 125mg/mL for extended periods.

Question 20

Glycemic Index

Answer 20

Ratio of blood glucose response to a given food compared to our glucose.

Question 21

Glycemic Load

Answer 21

Grams of carbohydrates in a food multiplied by the glycemic index of that food, divide results by 100.

Question 22

Ketosis

Answer 22

Metabolic state in which fat provides most of the fuel for the body

Question 23

Ketoacidosis

Answer 23

Acidosis caused by the increased production of ketone bodies, as in diabetic acidosis.

Question 24

Chylomicron

Answer 24

A lipoprotein (triglyceride) that carries dietary fat from the small intestine to cells.

Question 25

VLDL

Answer 25

A lipoprotein (triglyceride) that carries lipids made and taken up by the liver to cells

Question 26

LDL

Answer 26

A lipoprotein (cholesterol) that carries cholesterol made by the liver and from other sources to cells.

Question 27

HDL

Answer 27

A lipoprotein (protein) that contributes to cholesterol removal from cells and ,in turn, excretion of it from the body.

Question 28

GERD

Answer 28

Chronic heartburn

Question 29

Omnivore

Answer 29

Diet consists of plants and animals.

Question 30

Carnivore

Answer 30

Diet that consists of meat only

Question 31

Herbivore

Answer 31

Diet that consists of only plants

Question 32

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Answer 32

The dietary intake level that is sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of nearly all healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Question 33

Adequate Intake (AI)

Answer 33

A recommended intake value based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group of healthy people that is assumed to be adequate; used when RDA cannot be determined.

Question 34

What are DRIs

Answer 34

- recommended dietary allowance - adequate intake - tolerable upper intake level

Question 35

Hydrogenation

Answer 35

To solidify an unsaturated fat or fatty acid.

Question 36

Food Calorie

Answer 36

The amount of heat it takes to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius.