exam 1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
ethnocentrism
evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customs of one’s own culture; view another culture without recognizing your own cultural lens
holistic approach
concern with a system as a whole rather than with only some of its parts; emphasizing the connections among the many different facets of the human condition so that humankind can be understood in it’s full complexity: cultural, social, and biological
society
the aggregate of people living together in a more or less ordered community
culture
the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively. the customs, arts, social institutions, and achievements of a particular nation, people or other social group
society and culture
when anthropologists study and describe the communicative links between individual members of a group and between groups within a society; when they study and describe traditional learned behavior (culture) and how it relates to the values of the members of a group
cultural relativism
the idea that a person’s beliefs, values and practices should be understood based on that person’s own culture, rather than be judged against the criteria of another
consultant
a person who provides expert advice on their own culture
participant observation
the immersion of anthropological field-workers for an extended period in the day to day activities of the people whom they study
phoneme
contrastive sound units. any of the perpetually distinct units of sound in a specified language that distinguish one word from another;
example: /p/ /b/ /d/ and /t/ in pad, pat, bad, bat
allophone
any of the speech sounds that represent a single phoneme
example: the aspirated /k/ in kit and the un-aspirated /k/ in skit, which are the allophones of the phoneme /k/
morpheme
a meaningful morphological unit of language that cannot be further divided
example: /in/ /come/ /-ing/ which form incoming
syntax
grammar; the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language
allomorph
any of the versions of a morpheme
example: plural endings /s/ z/ /iz/
phonetics
the classification of speech sounds without direct regard to meaning with in a society
distinctive features
from chomsky; the most distinctive unit of phonological structure that may be used/analyzed in phonological theory; such as the presence or absence of
morphophonemics
the study of the phonemic differences among allomorphs of the same
example: knife and knives
transformational grammar
the rules of generative grammar but with the addition of interrogatives, commands, passives in order to make a basic sentence
example: he walks to the store - he walked to the store
generative grammar
the development of a finite device with a limited set of rules to create an infinite number of correct and well-formed grammatical sentences in a language
gender
some languages have distinguished nouns for certain genders
etic
a study from the outside of a society (looking in)
emic
a study from within
lexicon
the vocabulary of a person, language, or branch of knowledge
nonverbal communication
the transmission of signals accomplished by means other than spoken words; broadly refers to bodily gestures, facial expressions, whistles, spacing, touch, smell, smoke-signal, drumming, etc
kinesics
the study of body language
