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Aural Rehab > Exam 1 > Flashcards

Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is aural rehabilitation?

A

Services and procedures for facilitating receptive and expressive communication in individuals with hearing impairment.

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2
Q

What does aural rehab remediation consist of?

A

Fitting and monitoring hearing aids or cochlear implants, counseling and referral, intervention to facilitate expressive and receptive communication.

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3
Q

What are the three kinds of decibel measurements used in hearing science?

A

dB SPL, dB HL, and dB SL

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4
Q

What is 0 dB HL at any frequency?

A

The mean hearing average threshold for young adults

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5
Q

What is the reference for dB SL?

A

The individual’s actual threshold.

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6
Q

When is dB SL usually used?

A

When indicating the level of a stimulus, such as a tone or speech stimulus.

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7
Q

dB HL of stimulus - dB HL of the individual’s threhold =

A

dB SL

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8
Q

What is 0-15 dB HL?

A

Normal hearing

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9
Q

What is 16 -40 dB HL?

A

Mild HL.

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10
Q

What is 41-55 dB HL?

A

Moderate HL

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11
Q

What is 56-70 dB HL?

A

Moderately severe HL

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12
Q

What is 71-90 dB HL?

A

Severe HL

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13
Q

What is 90+ HL?

A

Profound HL

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14
Q

In which cases is there excellent segmental discrimination with hearing aids?

A

Mild to Moderate HL

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15
Q

In which cases is there difficult or non-existent segmental discrimination?

A

Severe to Profound HL

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16
Q

What is segmental discrimination?

A

The ability to discriminate between different speech sounds

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17
Q

What kind of hearing loss affects the middle or outer ear and the lower frequencies?

A

Conductive

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18
Q

What type of hearing loss affects the inner ear and decreases hearing sensitivity and frequency and temporal resolution?

A

Sensorineural

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19
Q

What is frequency resolution?

A

The ability to hear one tone in the presence of another.

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20
Q

What type of hearing loss involves a tumor of the eighth nerve?

A

Retrocochlear

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21
Q

What is adventitious hearing loss?

A

A loss that occurs after language acquisition has already taken place

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22
Q

What ages are pre-lingual?

A

0-5

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23
Q

What is the physical deficit associated with a loss of hearing as expressed in pure tone thresholds, SRTs, etc.?

A

A hearing impairment

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24
Q

What is the degree to which a hearing loss affects an individuals ability to function socially, academically or vocationally?

A

A hearing handicap

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25
Q

What factors affect the degree of handicap?

A

Age of onset, severity of hearing loss, site of lesion, and family/social support

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26
Q

What is the average long term intensity of speech?

A

65 dB SPL or 50 dB HL

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27
Q

What is the range of variation from a loud whisper to a shout?

A

30 dB SPL to 75 dB SPL

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28
Q

What is the sound with the greatest intensity?

A

O in ought

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29
Q

What sound has the least intensity?

A

Voiceless th

30
Q

What is the duration of consonants?

A

20-150 ms

31
Q

What is the duration of vowels?

A

130-360 ms

32
Q

What is speech characterized by?

A

Very rapid intensity variations

33
Q

What is the long-term average frequency spectrum of speech?

A

100 Hz to 8000 Hz

34
Q

Where is the energy concentrated in the long-term frequency of speech?

A

100 Hz to 800 Hz range

35
Q

Why is energy concentrated in the lower frequencies?

A

Due to the fundamental frequency and the energy in the lower vowel formants

36
Q

Where is much of the energy located consonants?

A

In the higher frequencies.

37
Q

What are the characteristics of vowels?

A

Relatively high in intensity with energy concentrated in the lower frequencies, carry relatively little information, can mask consonants.

38
Q

What are the characteristics of consonants?

A

Relatively low in intensity with energy concentrated in the higher frequencies, carry most of the information.

39
Q

Where do most sensorineural losses tend to be greatest?

A

In the higher frequencies (sloping audiogram)

40
Q

Why do the hearing impaired have difficulty with speech perception?

A

Because they have greater difficulty with consonants, which carry most of the information in speech.

41
Q

Which frequency is there an equal amount of speech information above and below?

A

1600 Hz

42
Q

What frequencies does ambient noise tend to consist of?

A

Lower frequencies

43
Q

What does noise mask in speech?

A

The lower frequency information

44
Q

Why can normal hearing individuals still achieve almost 100% speech recognition when noise is present?

A

Because noise only masks the lower part of the speech spectrum, and normal hearing individuals can still access the upper half.

45
Q

How does noise affect the hearing impaired?

A

Masks the information in the lower part of the speech spectrum, and the hearing loss impairs perception of the information in the upper part.

46
Q

What are the major impediments to speech recognition?

A

Ambient Noise and reverberation

47
Q

What is reverberation?

A

The continuation of sound energy in a room after the sound source has stopped vibrating, happens when sound waves are reflected off surfaces and the reflected energy is added to the original sound wave.

48
Q

What is reverberation time?

A

The time in seconds for the SPL of a signal to decrease by 60 dB from a steady state once the signal source is terminated

49
Q

How is speech intelligibility related to reverb time?

A

Inversely

50
Q

What is the extent of phonological, syntactic, and lexical knowledge?

A

Linguistic knowledge

51
Q

What is the intensity level at which the presence of a speech signal can just be detected?

A

Speech awareness/detection threshold (SAT/SDT)

52
Q

What is the intensity at which 50% of speech stimuli can be correctly identified?

A

Speech recognition threshold (SRT)

53
Q

What is the best indicator of auditory communication ability of an individual?

A

Suprathreshold testing/discrimination testing

54
Q

Why are the hearing impaired tested?

A

To estimate degree of communication difficulty, assess effects of amplification, and for the basis for design of auditory and speech/language training program

55
Q

What two types of speech perception information need to be obtained?

A

Degree of speech perception impairment, and degree of communication handicap/linguistic competence

56
Q

What does the degree of speech perception impairment refer to?

A

How much of the speech signal can be recognized by a hearing impaired individual

57
Q

How is the speech perception impairment tested?

A

Using only acoustic information (modified rhyme test)

58
Q

How is the speech handicap tested?

A

Using acoustic information and linguistic context (everyday sentences)

59
Q

Why is a recording a better method of presentation than a live voice?

A

Because it is always the same.

60
Q

What presentation level in (dB HL) should be used when testing speech perception impairment?

A

An optimal level. For mild hearing loss SRT +30 dB. For moderately severe and above use common sense, because 80-85 dB HL will feel loud.

61
Q

What presentation level in (dB HL) should be used when testing speech handicap?

A

An estimate

62
Q

What should be taken into consideration when testing children?

A

Make sure the child is familiar with the vocabulary in the materials, make sure the response mode is appropriate

63
Q

At what age will most children be able to respond in a speech test?

A

2

64
Q

What is the Ling 6?

A

A sound test of m u a i sh s low frequency to high frequency sounds, which can show what freqs are most affected by the hearing loss

65
Q

What is the NU - Chips?

A

50 word lists - monosyllables: used around 3 years old

66
Q

What is the pediatric speech intelligibility test? (PSI)

A

A test that uses monosyllables and sentences to give you flexibility to test both speech recognition and speech handicap.

67
Q

What age range is the WIPI used for?

A

4-6

68
Q

What does WIPI stand for?

A

Word intelligibility by picture identification.

69
Q

What is the PBK-50?

A

Phonetically balanced kindergarten used at about 5 years

70
Q

How is language assessment performed in severe to profound HL children?

A

Present auditory alone, present visually alone, then present with both modalities

71
Q

What test is used for those whom conventional tests are too challenging?

A

The minimum auditory capabilities battery.

72
Q

What is the great advantage of the TAC?

A

It has been normed according to categories of hearing loss.

Aural Rehab (2 decks)

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