Exam 1

Question 1

Quality

Answer 1

Photosynthetically active radiation

Question 2

What is plant propagation?

Answer 2

The purposeful act of reproducing existing plant selections, or of reproducing new and improved plant materials.

Question 3

Hot Bed/Frames

Answer 3

A cold frame with a heat source; used for active propagation.

Question 4

Ramet

Answer 4

Leaves or roots

Question 5

Liners

Answer 5

Rooted plants transplanted into pots for continuation of growth.

Question 6

When can herbaceous cuttings be rooted?

Answer 6

Year round

Question 7

Species with preformed root initials generally root _______ and ______.

Answer 7

rapidly; easily

Question 8

Two types of adventitious roots

Answer 8

Pre-formed roots

Wound-induced roots

Question 9

Perennial

Answer 9

More than two years of growth.

Question 10

Types of cuttings

Answer 10

Herbaceous Hardwood Semi-hardwood Softwood

Question 11

Cultivar

Answer 11

A grouping of plants originating from mutation and cultivation which have unique and similar appearances.

Question 12

Sources of propagules

Answer 12

Stock plants Pruning of nursery plants Tissue culture

Question 13

What is the difference between organic and inorganic media?

Answer 13

Organic media provides water holding capacity and inorganic media provides mineral components for drainage and aeration.

Question 14

Greenhouses

Answer 14

Heavily used in plant propagation due to potential for great environmental control.

Question 15

When can semi-hardwood cuttings be rooted?

Answer 15

Late spring to late summer

Question 16

Annual

Answer 16

Plant completes entire life cycle within one growing season.

Question 17

Lignification

Answer 17

Complex process found only in higher plants. Main function is to strengthen the plant vascular body. Forms barrier against microbial infections.

Question 18

Cold frames

Answer 18

Small structures used for overwintering or early planting of tender crops; for passive propagation; hardened rooted cuttings.

Question 19

Propagules _______ flowers (juvenile) will produce vegetative plants, while cuttings from the ______ phase will flower.

Answer 19

without; mature

Question 20

Embryonic

Answer 20

Zygote formation.

Question 21

Biennial

Answer 21

Two growing seasons required; usually a cold treatment needed for flower initiation.

Question 22

Species

Answer 22

A population of plants within a genus that can be recognized and reproduced as a unit.

Question 23

Ground tissue

Answer 23

Produces and stores food and performs other functions.

Question 24

Duration (day length)

Answer 24

Amount of light over time.

Question 25

Wound periderm

Answer 25

Group of callus cells.

Question 26

Pre-formed roots

Answer 26

Root initials or root primordia devlop naturally on the stem.

Question 27

Cone of juvenility

Answer 27

Question 28

Genus

Answer 28

A grouping of plants with similar morphological, biochemical, and genetic properties.

Question 29

What is the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Answer 29

Asexual plants can reproduce from one plant while sexual plants require two plants, male and female.

Question 30

Intensity

Answer 30

Amount of light given off

Question 31

Wound-induced roots

Answer 31

Develop only after the cutting/propagule is taken in response to wounding.

Question 32

Transition

Answer 32

Plant adjusts to environment and enters reproductive stage.

Question 33

Meristem

Answer 33

Tissue in all plants consisting of undifferentiated cells (meristematic cells).

Question 34

Dermal tissue

Answer 34

Protects the body surface.

Question 35

Shade houses

Answer 35

Used in acclimation or "hardening off".

Question 36

Four stages for de novo foot formation from wounding

Answer 36

Root initiation- dedifferentiation, fromation of root initials, foor primordia develop Root growth- growth and emergence of root primordia

Question 37

Irradiance

Answer 37

Relative amount of light measured by radiant energy per unit area over time.

Question 38

Polarity (orientation of cutting)

Answer 38

The quality or condition inherent in a cutting that exhibits different properties in opposite parts.

Question 39

Best way to managee environmental factors

Answer 39

Sanitation

Question 40

Three types of containers

Answer 40

Plastic-doesn't breathe Clay- breathes Fiber/Peat- less root damage when transplanting

Question 41

When can softwood cuttings be rooted?

Answer 41

Spring to early summer

Question 42

Callus

Answer 42

An irregular mass of parenchyma cells in various stages of lignification.

Question 43

How many phases of plant life cycle and what are they?

Answer 43

Four Phases: Phase I- Embryonic Phase II- Juvenile Phase III- Transition Phase IV- Mature

Question 44

Juvenile phase of most plants inherently _________ rooting potential than mature phase.

Answer 44

Increased

Question 45

Most common disease

Answer 45

Fungal

Question 46

Propagule

Answer 46

Part of the plant that can be taken to make a new plant (Cuttings, seeds, grafts, tissue culture explants, single cells).

Question 47

Ortet

Answer 47

Parent plant

Question 48

Vascular tissue

Answer 48

Conducts water, minerals, and the products of photosynthesis.

Question 49

The presence of ______ exerts a strong stimulating effect on rooting.

Answer 49

Leaves

Question 50

Parenchyma

Answer 50

Ground tissue of nonwoody structures.

Question 51

Stems cuttings

Answer 51

Shoots at distal end; roots at proximal end

Question 52

Mature

Answer 52

Reproductive phase.

Question 53

What is agriculture and what are the five fundamental activities?

Answer 53

The deliberate cultivation of crops (and animals) for use by humans. Plant selection Plant propagation Crop production Crop handling and storage Food technology

Question 54

Physical structures for propagation

Answer 54

Greenhouses High tunnels Cold frames Hot beds Shade houses

Question 55

Root cuttings

Answer 55

Roots at distal end; shoots at proximal end

Question 56

Cuttings

Answer 56

Any vegetative portion of a plant including stems, modified stems, leaves or roots (ramet) removed from a parent plant (ortet)

Question 57

Adventitious Organ

Answer 57

A structure that develops in an unusual or new location.

Question 58

Identical to the parent plant

Answer 58

Clones

Question 59

Plugs

Answer 59

Small seedling plants.

Question 60

When can hardwood cuttings be rooted?

Answer 60

Late fall and throughout the winter

Question 61

Tow types or patterns of de novo adventitious root formation

Answer 61

Direct formation- easy to root Indirect formation- difficult to root

Question 62

Juvenile

Answer 62

Early plant development stages, without reproduction.