Exam 1

Question 1

credited as the founder of psychology

Answer 1

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 2

first American psychologist

Answer 2

Williams James

Question 3

developed psychoanalytic therapy

Answer 3

Sigmund Freud

Question 4

father of behaviorism

Answer 4

John B. Watson

Question 5

researched operant conditioning

Answer 5

B. F. Skinner

Question 6

created the Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 6

Abraham Maslow

Question 7

developed theories regarding change in cognitive ability throughout life

Answer 7

Jean Piaget

Question 8

Big 5 Measures

Answer 8

Openness, Conscientiousness, Extroversion, Agreeableness, Neuroticism

Question 9

what did stanley milgram research?

Answer 9

Shock Experiment-seeing how far people would go in obeying orders from an authority figure; see if it could compromise people’s morality

Question 10

what is the biopsychosocial model?

Answer 10

suggests that health/illness is determined by the interaction of biological, psychological, and social factors

Question 11

take cognitive processes and behaviors into account when providing psychotherapy

Answer 11

Cognitive behavioral therapists

Question 12

is the DARE program effective?

Answer 12

no, essentially ineffective mostly due to the fact officers tell kids not to do something that will make them feel good because it is simply “bad”

Question 13

Broad generalizations from specific observations

Answer 13

inductive reasoning

Question 14

Starts with a general statement or hypothesis and examines possibilities to create a conclusion

Answer 14

deductive reasoning

Question 15

behavior changes when people are observed

Answer 15

observer-expectancy effect

Question 16

method of research using past records or data sets to answer various research questions, or to search for interesting patterns or relationships

Answer 16

archival research

Question 17

graphical view of the strength and direction of correlations; the stronger the correlation, the closer the data points are to a straight line

Answer 17

scatterplot

Question 18

people’s expectations or beliefs influencing or determining their experience in a given situation

Answer 18

placebo

Question 19

variable that is influenced or controlled by the experimenter; in a sound experimental study, it is the only important difference between the experimental and control group

Answer 19

independent variable

Question 20

variable that the researcher measures to see how much effect the independent variable had

Answer 20

dependent variable

Question 21

overall group of individuals that the researchers are interested in

Answer 21

population

Question 22

subset of individuals selected from the larger population

Answer 22

sample

Question 23

genetic makeup of an individual based on the genetic makeup (DNA) inherited from one’s parents

Answer 23

Genotype

Question 24

individual’s observable physical characterics like hair color, height, build, etc

Answer 24

Phenotype

Question 25

a tool used to predict how genes will interact in the production of offspring

Answer 25

Punnett Square

Question 26

small gap between two neurons where communication occurs

Answer 26

synapse

Question 27

scientific method

Answer 27

proposing hypothesis, conducting research, and creating or modifying theories based on results

Question 28

why freud's theories have fallen out of favor

Answer 28

they are not falsifiable

Question 29

why type of research did jane goodall do?

Answer 29

she conducted naturalistic observations on chimpanzee behavior

Question 30

which type of studies are nonexperimental?

Answer 30

observations, surveys, archival research, scatterplots, and longitudinal research

Question 31

variables move in the same direction; as one variable increases, so does the other and vice versa

Answer 31

positive correlation

Question 32

variables move in opposite directions; a decrease in one leads to an increase in the other and vice versa

Answer 32

negative correlation

Question 33

purpose of IRB

Answer 33

to stop researchers from conducting unethical experiments

Question 34

tuskegee syphilis study

Answer 34

African Americans were told they were receiving health care-they were actually just injected with syphilis and then observed the disease as it spread in the community and killed it's victims

Question 35

charles darwin contributed what

Answer 35

theory of evolution

Question 36

frontal lobe

Answer 36

executive functioning, reward system

Question 37

parietal lobe

Answer 37

language processing, sensory

Question 38

temporal lobe

Answer 38

auditory perception

Question 39

occipital

Answer 39

vision

Question 40

first type of nervous system

Answer 40

central nervous system-brain, spinal cord

Question 41

second type of nervous system

Answer 41

1. somatic (intestines) 2. autonomic (sympathetic and parasympathetic-both have opposite effects on various systems....ex: PNS stimulates digestion and SNS inhibits digestion)

Question 42

What are the two major areas where psychologists work?

Answer 42

University’s and Hospital or Health services

Question 43

Electrical charge across the membrane changes dramatically

Answer 43

Action potential