Exam 1

Question 1

What is evolution/natural selection?

Answer 1

How animals evolve and adapt to their environment

Question 2

What are reflexes?

Answer 2

An action that does not require thought

Relationship between an event and response

Question 3

What are modal action patterns?

Answer 3

A action that a whole species does…..spiders and webs…ants and chemical traila… rattle snake and their rattlea

Question 4

What is a releaser as it relates to modal action patterns?

Answer 4

A releaser causes the modal action pattern

Question 5

What are some general behavior traits

Answer 5

Personality…agression….anxiety….goofiness

Question 6

What are mutations?

Answer 6

Abrupt changes in genes

Question 7

What is learning?

Answer 7

A change in behavior due to a experience….

Question 8

What is behavior?

Answer 8

Anything an animal does that can be measured

Question 9

What is an experience?

Answer 9

A change in environment…seeing new things

Question 10

What is habituation?

Answer 10

Reduced reflex due to repetition…..mouse being scared of sounds at first but after a while is not

Question 11

What is nature and nurture and what is the debate?

Answer 11

Nature is what your born with….genetics

Nurture is what your environment was growing up

The debate is what is more important or what has the biggest effect on people

Question 12

What is the natural science approach?

Answer 12

The belief that everything has a cause ……cause comes before effect

Question 13

What is an error as it pertains to measurement of learning?

Answer 13

Looking at how many or the reduction of errors

Question 14

What is topography as it pertains to measurement of learning?

Answer 14

How well you can navigate an area

Question 15

What is intensity as it pertains to measurement of learning?

Answer 15

The measure of how hard or loud something is…..dog can speak bark loud or whisper bark quietly

Question 16

What is speed as it pertains to measurement of learning

Answer 16

The time it takes to complete a task

Question 17

What is latency?

Answer 17

The time that passes before a behavior is learned

Question 18

What is rate as it pertains to measurement of learning?

Answer 18

The number times something happens in a given time

Question 19

What is fluency?

Answer 19

Measure of learning that combines speed and accuracy

Question 20

What is anectodal evidence?

Answer 20

A personal experice…story from someone….no evidence

Question 21

What is a case study?

Answer 21

It is observing someone,group, or orhanization in great detail..

Question 22

What is a experiment?

Answer 22

A procedure where scientists manipulate variables and measure the effects of manipulation

Question 23

What is an Independent variable?

Answer 23

The variable that is being changed

Question 24

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 24

The measure of chance from the independent

Question 25

What is descriptive research?

Answer 25

Try to describe or explain characteristics of population.....

Question 26

What is between subjects experiment?

Answer 26

Testing everyone on different things...

Question 27

What is an within subjects design?

Answer 27

Everyone in the study gets the same tests

Question 28

What is the baseline period?

Answer 28

The test that does not have any manipulation....what you are going to compare to

Question 29

What is A B A reversal design?

Answer 29

Giving the subjects multiple tests with the same manipulation...prevents having outlies both big and small

Question 30

What are some limitations of experiments?

Answer 30

Biases....individuals abilities....human error..extraneous variables

Question 31

What are strengths of animal research?

Answer 31

It can give you total control of the life of the animal from birth....control heredity...learning history...ethical problems with humans

Question 32

What are criticisms of animal research?

Answer 32

It is not ethical....they are not human....can do computer tests

Question 33

What is a unconditioned reflex?

Answer 33

A reflex that occurs without thought.....mouth salvation...moving hand after touching something hot

Question 34

What is a conditional reflex?

Answer 34

A learned reflex.....stinky runs to kitchen when hearing refrigerator door open

Question 35

What is a Unconditined Stimulus(US)?

Answer 35

Automatic and naturally occurring....hunger for food or just food

Question 36

What is the unconditioned response(UR)?

Answer 36

Something you can't control like salivation.

Question 37

What is conditioned stimulus (CS)?

Answer 37

Something that is neutral at start but is eventually learned

Question 38

What is conditioned response(CR)?

Answer 38

Learned response

Question 39

What is classical conditioning/pavlovian conditioning?

Answer 39

A learning process where two stimuli are paired

Question 40

What is higher order conditioning?

Answer 40

Paring a neutral stimulus(NS) with a well established CS.......dog learns bell...then pairs with light flashing

Question 41

What is contingency?

Answer 41

If than statement that says one event X only occurs if another event Y comes first.....dog wont salivate unless bell is rung

Question 42

What is contiguity?

Answer 42

Refers to closeness in times between two events

Question 43

What is salience?

Answer 43

How noticeable is the thing your doing

Question 44

What is extinction?

Answer 44

When you eliminate or suppress a behavior....person afraid of spiders is no longer

Question 45

What is spontaneous recovery?

Answer 45

When you have extincted a behavior but not it has come back

Question 46

What is the predatory response theory?

Answer 46

Proposes that unconditional response prepares us for unconditional stimulus...and that conditned responses prepare us for the unconditioned stimulus

Question 47

What is the compensatory response theory?

Answer 47

Argued that the Conditoned Response prepares us for the Unconditionap Response

Question 48

What is overshadowing?

Answer 48

When two or more stimulus are present but only one produces the response because it is more noticable

Question 49

What is blocking?

Answer 49

Pairing a Unconditined Stimulus with a Condtionted stimulus.....

Question 50

What is the difference between correlation and experimental research?

Answer 50

correlational studies a researcher looks for associations among naturally occurring variables, whereas in experimental studies the researcher introduces a change and then monitors its effects.