Exam 1

Question 1

Hierarchical Organization

Answer 1

Organism
Organ System
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Organelle
Atom

Question 2

Inductive Reasoning

Answer 2

Specific Examples to General Principles

Observations to Principle

Question 3

Deductive Reasoning

Answer 3

General Principle to Specific Examples

a^2+b^2=c^2 applied to specific example/numbers

Question 4

Steps of the Scientific Method

Answer 4

Observation 
Question
Hypothesis
Prediction
Experiment
Results
Theory

Question 5

Define Theory as used in science

Answer 5

A supported hypothesis

As close to the truth as possible

Question 6

6 Taxonomic Specifications

Answer 6

Domain
Kingdom 
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species

Question 7

What is an ion?

Answer 7

An atom with a charge

Question 8

Describe electronegativity

Answer 8

An atoms “hunger” for electrons
7 valence electrons = high electronegativity
1 valence electron = low electronegativity

Question 9

What is a covalent bond?

Answer 9

Little to no difference in electronegativity

Diatomic bonds

Question 10

4 Classes of Biomolecules and their Monomers

Answer 10

Proteins - Amino Acids
Nucleic Acids - Nucleotides
Carbohydrates - Monosaccharides
Lipids - Fatty Acids

Question 11

Protein Denaturization

Answer 11

Unfolding of the protein

Question 12

Dehydration Synthesis

Answer 12

Adds monomers to polymers

Question 13

Which class of biomolecule exhibits a double helix?

Answer 13

Nucleic Acids - DNA

Question 14

Name a function of each of the 4 classes of biomolecules

Answer 14

Protein - enzyme storage
Nucleic Acids - information storage
Carbohydrates - short-term energy storage structure
Lipids - Long-term energy storage

Question 15

Structure of an Atom

Answer 15

Center is the nucleus that contains protons and neutrons

Outer shells contain electrons

Question 16

Atomic number

Answer 16

The number of protons

Question 17

Atomic mass

Answer 17

Number of protons + neutrons

Question 18

Ionic bonding

Answer 18

Bonding with big electronegativity difference

Oppositely charged ions

Question 19

Determining covalent or ionic bond

Answer 19

Ionic bond if electronegativity is very different

Covalent if electronegativity is similar

Question 20

Unique properties of water

Answer 20

Strong bonds
High heat needed to break/ change state
Ice crystals form relatively far apart 
Cohesion
Surface tension 
High polarity (attraction)

Question 21

Polar molecules

Answer 21

Hydrophilic

Carbs

Question 22

Nonpolar molecules

Answer 22

Hydrophilic

Lipids

Question 23

Molecules that have trouble getting through the cell membrane

Answer 23

Polar molecules
Lipophilic
Ions
Water
Glucose
Na, H, Cl, K

Question 24

Diffusion

Answer 24

Movement of material down a conc. gradient
High to low
No energy required

Question 25

Osmosis

Answer 25

Diffusion of water

Question 26

Active transport

Answer 26

Opposite of diffusion Movement up conc. gradient Low to high Requires energy

Question 27

Exocytosis

Answer 27

Vehicle binds with plasma membrane | Bring out of cell

Question 28

Endocytosis

Answer 28

Bringing in cell

Question 29

Mitosis

Answer 29

Process that sorts chromosomes ensuring that each daughter gets exactly one copy of each chromosome

Question 30

Step 1. | Prophase

Answer 30

Nucleus dissolves Miotic spindle starts to form Chromosomes start to attach to spindle

Question 31

Step 2. | Metaphase

Answer 31

Chronometer line up at equator

Question 32

Step 3. | Anaphase

Answer 32

Pulls copies to opposite ends of cell | The sister chromosomes are separated

Question 33

Step 4. | Telophase

Answer 33

New nucleus for,s around eat set of chromosomes

Question 34

Cytokinins

Answer 34

Physical division of cell