Exam 1 Flashcards
(127 cards)
William Harvey (1578-1657)
theory of epigenesis
theory of epigenesis
structures are not initially present and develop over time
Schleiden and Schwann
cell theory, all living things are composed of cells
Charles Darwin
natural selection and descent with modification
Mendel
quantitative data to support his findings published in 1866
Mitosis stages
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
Meiosis differs from mitosis in that:
4 gametes that are haploid, not diploid
Diploid number
cell condition when two of each type of chromosome are present (2 “sets” of chromosomes)
alleles
Different forms of a gene
Avery, MacLeod, McCarty
found DNA is the carrier of genetic information
DNA structure
antiparallel, double helix, phosphate - sugar - base
Pyrimidines
thymine and cytosine
purines
Adenine and Guanine
Transcription
DNA to RNA
translation
The process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
Recombinant DNA
DNA produced by combining DNA from different sources
Reverse Genetics
discovering gene function from a genetic sequence
Gene knockout
made by disrupting the function of a gene
Chromatin
long strands of DNA found in the eukaryotic cell nucleus; condense to form chromosomes
Peptidoglycan
makes up bacterial cell walls; sugars cross-linked by short polypeptides
Glycocalyx
The external surface of a plasma membrane that is important for cell-to-cell communication
Nucleoid
A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell.
Centrioles
Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only, organizes spindle fibers
Homologous pairs
Chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent