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Test review COMBO > Exam 1 (9-12, 18) > Flashcards

Exam 1 (9-12, 18) Flashcards

(77 cards)

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1
Q

Periodontium

A

Tissues that surround, support and attached to the teeth.

Made of two parts:
1. Gingiva

  1. Attachment apparatus:

periodontal ligament (PDL), cementum, alveolar bone

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2
Q

Free gingiva

A

closely adapted around each tooth but not attached
keratinized

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3
Q

Parts of free gingiva

A

Gingival margin
gingival sulcus
junctional epithelium
free gingival groove

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4
Q

Gingival margin

.

A

the edge of the gingiva nearest to the incised surface of the tooth

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5
Q

Gingival sulcus

A

The crevice between the free gingiva and the tooth.

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6
Q

Crevicular fluid

A

flows from connective tissue into the sulcus.
cleanses the sulcus transports enzymes and antibodies

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7
Q

Junctional epithelium

A

the epithelial attachment provides a seal at the base of the sulcus
non keratinized separates the periodontal ligament from the oral environment

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8
Q

Free gingival groove

A

a shallow linear demarcation between free gingiva and attached gingiva

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9
Q

Interdental papillae

A

Extensions of unattached gingiva between adjacent teeth
keratinized fills embrasure spaces

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10
Q

Col

A

The depression between the lingual and facial papillae that conforms to the proximal contact of posterior teeth.

Non keratinized

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11
Q

Attached gingiva

A

Part of the gingiva that is tightly connected to the cementum on the root (cervical third) and to the connective tissue cover of the alveolar bone

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12
Q

Mucogingival junction

A

The line that marks the connection between the attached gingiva and the alveolar mucosa on the facial surfaces of all quadrants and the lingual surfaces of the mandibular arch

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13
Q

Alveolar mucosa

A

The thin, moveable, loosely attached tissue covering the alveolar bone.
non keratinized

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14
Q

Frena

A

Narrow folds of the membrane that pass from a more fixed to moveable mucosa.

ex. from the attached gingiva at the MGJ to lip, cheek, or undersurface of tongue.

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15
Q

The periodontal ligament (PDL)

A

Fibrous tissue that surrounds and attaches the alveolar bone to cementum.

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16
Q

Interdental fiber

A

Connects adjacent teeth at the CEJ. Cementum to cementum

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17
Q

Cementum

A

A thin layer of calcified connective tissue that covers the tooth from CEJ to, and around, the apical foramen

Important function of cementum is to attach periodontal ligament fibers to root surface

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18
Q

Cementum functions

A

Seal dentinal tubules provide attachment for the periodontal fiber groups
maintain occlusal relationships

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19
Q

Alveolar process

A

The extended areas of bone in each arch that are tooth-bearing

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20
Q

Lamina Dura

A

Thin, compact alveolar bone lining the tooth socket

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21
Q

Assessment Instruments

A
  1. Mirror
  2. Explorer
  3. Probe
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22
Q

The handle of an instrument:

A
  • part that is grasped
  • may be smooth or ribbed with varying diameter
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23
Q

Functional Shank

A
  • connects the working end to the handle
  • maybe straight or curved (complex shank)
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24
Q

Terminal Shank

A

-the lower shank

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25
Working End
- part of the instrument that **contacts** the tooth or tissue + performs intended function - **DICTATES THE USE**
26
Mouth Mirror Uses (4)
1. Indirect vision 2. Retraction 3. Reflection of light 4. Transillumination
27
Probe Uses
-**detect periodontal pockets**
28
Traditional Probe
**Williams Probe** thin, round working end grooves at 1,2,3,5,7,8,9, and 10mm
29
Novatech Probe
right angle probe design -improves adaptation only for posterior teeth
30
Florida Probe
-computer-assisted probe with digital readouts and computer data storage
31
Stroke Directions
1. **Diagonal/oblique** (running across tooth from **line angle to line angle**) 2. **Vertical** (parallel with long axis of the tooth for **interproximals**) 3. **Horizontal** (parallel with occlusal surface for **facials or linguals, mesials or distals of teeth with no contact**) 4. Circular (porte polisher)
32
Stroke Selection Determinants
1. Position, Contour, Size of the gingiva 2. Probing depth 3. Area of the tooth being worked 4. Instrument being used 5. Procedure being used (nature of deposit)
33
Nature of Stroke
1. Grasp: variable 2. Stability: hand pivots on fulcrum 3. Motion: wrist activation NOT finger flexion 4. Length: determined by pocket/sulcus depth, part of tooth being treated, instrument being used, & nature of the procedure (root planing, probing, or exploring)
34
Gingival pocket
is **deepening of gingival sulcus** caused by detachment of coronal portion of junctional epithelium and swelling of tissue **gingivitis**
35
Periodontal pocket
forms from **apical migration** of the junctional epithelium and destruction of periodontal fibers and bone ## Footnote **Periodontitis = irreversible**
36
Probing Depth
The distance in millimeters from the **gingival margin to the base of the sulcus** or periodontal pocket as measured with a probe
37
Periodontal attachment system
is a group of structures that work together to attach the teeth to the maxilla and mandible.
38
Junctional epithelium (**JE**):
attaches the gingiva to the tooth
39
Fibers of the gingiva:
a network of fibers that brace the free gingiva against the tooth
40
Loss of attachment (LOA)
is damage to the **structures that support** the tooth.
41
Gingivitis
**reversible** damage to the gingiva -There is NO damage to the periodontal ligament or alveolar bone
42
Periodontitis
- Results in **permanent damage** to the periodontal attachment system - Damage to gingival connective tissue, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone
43
Uses for Periodontal Probe:
- Measuring oral deviations - Assessing tooth mobility - Assessing bleeding on probing - Measuring the width of attached Gingiva
44
Levels of the gingival margin
Can change over time in response to trauma, medications, or disease. Three possible levels: Margin slightly coronal to CEJ (**Normal = 0**) Margin significantly covers CEJ (**Edema = -negative**) Margin significantly apical to CEJ (**Recession = +positive**)
45
How to calculate the width of the gingival margin
Three Steps: 1. Measure the total width of the gingiva from the gingival margin to the mucogingival junction. 2. Measure the probing depth. 3. Calculate : total width of the gingiva **minus** the probing depth
46
Can you measure bone loss with just probing depth?
NO! The probing depth reading alone is NOT ENOUGH to tell us where the bone is located.
47
Probing depth readings accurately indicate the level of the bone only **IF**\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
the gingival margin is in its **normal position**, slightly above the CEJ.
48
If the gingival margin is **NOT** in a normal position (recession or edema)….
the bone support must be calculated using two measurements: ## Footnote **1.Probing depth** **2.Gingival margin level**
49
Clinical Attachment Level (CAL)
is the estimated position of the structures that support the tooth as measured with a periodontal probe. ## Footnote **The clinical attachment level provides an estimate of a tooth’s stability and the loss of bone support.**
50
Margin at Normal Level
If the gingival margin is at the **normal level**: ## Footnote **The probing depth and the CAL are the same**
51
Gingival Margin Receded
The gingival margin level reading is **added** to the probing depth reading.
52
Margin Significantly Above CEJ | (Edema)
**Subtract** gingival margin level reading from the probing depth reading
53
Furcation involvement
is a **loss** of alveolar bone and periodontal ligament fibers in the space **between the roots of a multirooted tooth.**
54
Root Furcation Morphology
**Mandibular 1st Molar:** (**D**) 13mm - 14mm (**M**) Furcatiion: (**M**) 3mm - 4mm (**D**) **Maxillary 1st Premolar:** **(L)** 12.6mm - 13.4mm **(B)** Furcation: 7mm **Maxillary 1st Molar:** **(DB)** 12mm - 14mm **(P)** Furcation: **(MB)** 4mm - 7mm **(P)**
55
A probe's working end is
blunt/rod-shaped
56
Cross-section of a probe may be
circular or rectangular
57
Identify the symbol used for periodontal charting
Class I
58
Identify the symbol used for periodontal charting
Class II
59
Identify the symbol used for periodontal charting
Class III
60
Identify the symbol used for periodontal charting
Class IV
61
Adaptation
is the positioning of the toe-third or tip-third of the working-end against the tooth surface.
62
Psychomotor skills
require complex **SMALL** movements and repeated practice. **-Brain, nervous system, and muscles all work together**
63
Muscle memory
frequently enacted muscle tasks that are stored in the brain
64
Myelination
is the process of forming myelin sheath around a nerve to allow nerve impulses to move more quickly. ## Footnote **With practice movements become smoother, myelination occurs**
65
Automaticity
is the ability to perform a psychomotor skill smoothly, easily, and **without frustration**
66
Motion activation
is the muscle action used to move the working-end of an instrument across a tooth surface.
67
Wrist-Rocking Motion
The hand, wrist, arm work as a unit to produce a rotating motion used to move the working-end of an instrument
68
Digital Motion Activation
Moving the instrument by flexing the thumb, index, and middle fingers ## Footnote **Used primarily with ultrasonic instruments, also used with periodontal probes, explorers**
69
Rolling the instrument handle
helps the clinician maintain **precise contact** of the working-end to the tooth surface.
70
Mandibular roots - anteriors:
tilt inwards (**lingually**)
71
Mandibular roots - premolars:
more vertical (**straight up and down**)
72
Mandibular roots - molars:
tilt outward (**distally )**
73
Assessment Stroke
AKA **exploratory stroke** Used to evaluate the tooth surface Used with explorers to locate calculus deposits
74
Root Debridement Stroke
Used to remove residual calculus deposits, bacterial plaque, and byproducts from: (1) root surfaces that are exposed in the mouth because of gingival recession (2) root surfaces within deep periodontal pockets
75
Classification of Mobility ## Footnote **Class 1**
**Class 1** **Slight mobility, up to 1 mm** of horizontal displacement in a **facial–lingual** direction
76
Classification of Mobility ## Footnote **Class 2**
**Class 2** **Greater than 1 mm but less than 2 mm** of horizontal displacement in a **facial–lingual** direction
77
Classification of Mobility ## Footnote **Class 3**
**Class 3** **Greater than 2 mm** of horizontal displacement in a **facial–lingual** direction or **vertical** mobility

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