Exam 2 (1800) Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
Sodium bicarbonate is indicated for the removal of extrinsic stain. Sodium bicarbonate is safe to use on composites, glass ionomer, and gold.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
A
The first statement is true; the second is false.
2
Q
Kaposi sarcoma is associated with which disease?
- Diabetes
- Lupus
- HIV/AIDS
- Leukemia
A
HIV/AIDS
3
Q
Which question(s) will help the dental team make a decision about purchasing a new device or tool for measuring the patient’s risk for disease?
- Will it impact diagnosis or treatment?
- Does the research support the validity and accuracy of the tool?
- Is it cost effective and easy to use?
- All of the above
A
All of the above
4
Q
Air polishing includes all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Sodium bicarbonate
B. Hydrogen peroxide
C. Water
D. Air
A
Hydrogen peroxide
5
Q
The Mohs hardness value for Dentin is:
A. 3.0
B. 6.0
C. 5.0
D. 9.3
A
A. 3.0 - 4.0
6
Q
Your patient presents with localized light staining on smooth tooth surface and no restorations. Based on this finding you plan to
A. Omit polishing procedures.
B. Polish all teeth with a fine paste.
C. Polish areas of staining with a fine paste.
D. Polish areas of staining with a medium paste.
A
Polish areas of staining with a fine paste.
7
Q
All of the following items may cause extrinsic stains to form on the enamel surface EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Stannous fluoride
B. Coffee
C. Smoking
D. Tetracycline
A
Tetracycline
8
Q
An informed consent includes all of the following elements EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Health status
B. Guarantees regarding treatment outcomes
C. Risks and benefits of treatment options
D. Consequences of NOT receiving treatment
A
Guarantees regarding treatment outcomes
9
Q
he prevalence of dentin hypersensitivity is about:
A) 50-80%
B) 40-50%
C) 60-70%
D) 4-74%
A
D) 4-74%
10
Q
Identify the teeth at risk for hypersensitivity in the order of greatest risk to least.
A. Canines and first premolars, incisors, second premolars, molars
B. Canines and first premolars, second premolars, molars, incisors
C. Second premolars, canines and first premolars, incisors, molars
D. Incisors, canines and first premolars, molars, second premolars
A
Canines and first premolars, incisors, second premolars, molars
11
Q
Chlorhexidine and alexidine which are used in mouthrinses and are effective against biofilm formation causes what type of stain?
A) Yellow E) Green
B) Tobacco F) Brown
C) Red and orange G) Black-line
D) Metallic
A
F) Brown
12
Q
Determining a dental hygiene diagnosis, formulating a treatment plan, and completely and accurately documenting all aspects of the dental hygiene process of care are elements of the standards for clinical dental hygiene practice
True
False
A
True
13
Q
Risk factors modulate the onset, severity, and prognosis of periodontal diseases, dental caries, and oral cancer.
True
False
A
True
14
Q
__________ occur on the external surface of the tooth and may be removed by procedures of toothbrushing, scaling, and/or polishing.
A) Extrinsic
B) Exogenous
C) Intrinsic
D) Endodogenous
A
A) Extrinsic
15
Q
Why is osteoporosis considered a potential risk factor for periodontal disease?
- They are both bone resorptive diseases.
- Studies are conclusive that if you have osteoporosis you will have periodontal disease.
- Osteoporosis will lead to osteonecrosis if left untreated.
- It is not a potential risk factor.
A
They are both bone resorptive diseases.
16
Q
Children and adolescents with a high consumption of soft drinks, juice, and other sweetened beverages are at risk for enamel erosion and caries. Children who have higher milk consumptions have a higher tendency for decay compared to children who consume high amounts of juice.
- Both statements are true.
- Both statements are false.
- The first statement is true; the second is false.
- The first statement is false; the second is true.
A
The first statement is true; the second is false.
17
Q
Fluorides, oxalates, sodium citrates, and calcium compounds that Precipitate calcium fluoride or other compounds to block exposed or open tubules are classified as:
A) Calcium phosphate technology
B) Protein precipitants
C) Nerve hyperpolarization
D) Tubule obtundants
A
D) Tubule obtundants
18
Q
Polishing teeth is selective because
A. Polishing with an abrasive agent removes part of the outer, fluoride-rich layer of the tooth.
B. Polishing all surfaces is too time-consuming.
C. The procedure is not well-tolerated by most patients.
D. It creates a large amount of aerosols.
A
Polishing with an abrasive agent removes part of the outer,
fluoride-rich layer of the tooth.
19
Q
Mueller-Joseph and Petersen classified data for the dental hygiene diagnosis in all of the following categories EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Chief complaint
B. General systemic
C. Dental history
D. Social history
A
Social history
20
Q
In OSCAR, decision-making ability, and dependence on alternative or supplemental decision-makers are examples of:
A) Reality
B) Capability
C) Systematic
D) Oral
E) Autonomy
A
E) Autonomy
21
Q
_________ develop or originate from sources outside the tooth
A) Exogenous
B) Intrinsic
C) Endogenous
D) Extrinsic
A
A) Exogenous
22
Q
Polishing is a technique used to remove extrinsic and intrinsic stains from the enamel surface.
True
False
A
False
23
Q
Which stain is more evident when personal oral care procedures are neglected and usually caused by dietary sources.
A) Tobacco C) Green
B) Brown D) Orange
C) Reduces caries E) Yellow
D) Black-line
A
E) Yellow
24
Q
Which method of polishing is used to remove extrinsic stain from the enamel surface?
A. Manual polishing
B. Power polishing
C. Air polishing
D. All of the above
A
All of the above
25
HIPAA Stands for: CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY:
Select the Correct Answers
A) Act
B) Patient
C) Portability
D) Health
E) Accountability
F) Investment
G) Insurance
H) Ammendment
A) **Act**
C) **Portability**
D) **Health**
E) **Accountability**
G) **Insurance**
26
Which factor can be a significant contributor to the development of dentin hypersensitivity?
A. Acidic foods and beverages
B. Bulimia
C. Gastrointestinal reflux disease
D. A and B
E. All of the above
A and B
**Acidic foods and beverages; Bulimia**
27
When traditional therapeutic modalities are unsuccessful in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity each of the following advanced treatments are acceptable options to control symptoms EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Complete occlusal adjustment
B. Gingival grafting
C. Iontophoresis
D. Laser gingival curettage
**Laser gingival curettage**
28
Interventions proposed in the care plan to reduce the likelihood of further worsening or subsequent incidences of a problem is known as what phase of the four-phase care plan development?
A. Prevention
B. Therapy
C. Maintenance
D. Referral
**Prevention**
29
Put the four basic steps to be considered when planning patient care in the correct sequence
## Footnote
A) Develop a formal plan for care.
B) Select treatment and education interventions.
C) Establish the diagnosis
D) Collect and analyze assessment information.
D) Collect and analyze assessment information.
C) Establish the diagnosis
B) Select treatment and education interventions.
A) Develop a formal plan for care.
30
Each of the following statements are true of A-delta fibers EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. A-delta fibers are involved in Brannstrom’s hydrodynamic theory of dentinal hypersensitivity.
B. A-delta fibers can cause localized, sharp pain.
C. A-delta fibers are located in the dentin tubules.
D. A-delta fibers are commonly associated with electrical stimuli.
**A-delta fibers are commonly associated with electrical stimuli.**
31
The Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE)
Match the following: 0, 1, 2, 3
A) Hard tissue loss \< 50% of surface area
B) No erosive tooth wear
C) Hard tissue loss \> 50% of surface area
D) Initial loss of surface texture
**0** - B) **No erosive tooth wear**
**1** - D) **Initial loss of surface texture**
**2** - A) **Hard tissue loss \< 50% of surface area**
**3** - C) **Hard tissue loss \> 50% of surface area**
32
Giving patients treatment options may confuse or overwhelm them in their decision-making process. The dental hygienist should offer only the ideal treatment plan.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
**Both** statements are **false**.
33
Bleeding alone is not a predictor of periodontal breakdown or future attachment loss. Bleeding in conjunction with other clinical signs of breakdown, such as increased attachment loss or pocket depth, does show a potential for continued periodontal destruction.
1. Both statements are true.
2. Both statements are false.
3. The first statement is true; the second is false.
4. The first statement is false; the second is true.
**Both** statements are **true**.
34
Which are more responsive to electrical stimulation
A) C-fibers
B) A-beta fibers
C) A-delta fibers
B) **A-beta fibers**
35
The most significant periodontal risk factors are: Choose all that apply:
A) Alcohol use
B) Smoking
C) Genetics
D) Diabetes
E) HPV
B) **Smoking**
C) **Genetics**
D) **Diabetes**
36
Which of the following is NOT an example of a risk indicator?
Age
Sex
Race
Tobacco habit
**Tobacco habit**
37
Which of the following restorative materials is the hardest material when it comes to esthetics?
A. Amalgam
B. Porcelain
C. Composite
D. Gold
**Porcelain**
38
Longitudinal studies provide information about prevalence. Cross-sectional studies assess incidence of a particular disease.
1. Both statements are true.
2. Both statements are false.
3. The first statement is true; the second is false.
4. The first statement is false; the second is true.
**Both** statements are **false**.
Longitudinal = incidence
Cross-section = prevalence
39
The U.S. courts have established the validity of using electronic records. These records take more time to complete and should not be shared with other health-care providers due to the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act constraints.
A. Both statement are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
The **first** statement is **true**; the **second** is **false**.
40
Interventions proposed in the care plan to reduce the likelihood of further worsening or subsequent incidences of a problem is known as what phase of the four-phase care plan development?
A. Prevention
B. Therapy
C. Maintenance
D. Referral
**Prevention**
41
Which of the four-prong approach phases represents the recommendations for daily self-care, monitoring, and schedule intervals for future dental hygiene care?
A. Therapy
B. Prevention
C. Maintenance
D. Referral
**Maintenance**
42
In OSCAR, normative age changes, medical diagnoses, pharmacologic agents and interdisciplinary communication are all examples of:
A) Systematic
B) Capability
C) Oral
D) Autonomy
E) Reality
A) **Systematic**
43
This stain is frequently superimposed by soft yellow or gray debris (materia alba and food debris) and are usually cause by oral uncleanliness, chromogenic bacteria, and gingival hemorrhage.
A) Red
B) Green
C) Yellow
D) Black-line
E) Orange
F) Brown
B) **Green**
44
Patients may not think that it is important to reveal some diseases because they do not know the connection to the oral cavity. Which of the following may compromise dental treatment and prognosis?
1. Autoimmune diseases
2. Organ transplant recipients
3. Patients undergoing chemotherapy
4. All of the above
**All of the above**
45
Contraindications to air polishing include all of the following situations EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Sodium-restricted diet
B. Severe gingival inflammation
C. Orthodontic appliances
D. Caries
**Orthodontic appliances**
46
Is a systematic approach used to help the clinician determine changes and modifications needed when providing dental hygiene patient care.
A) OSCAR
B) ADPIED
C) Evidence-based care
D) Dental Hygiene Care Plan
A) **OSCAR**
47
An informed consent includes all of the following elements EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Health status
B. Guarantees regarding treatment outcomes
C. Risks and benefits of treatment options
D. Consequences of not receiving treatment
E. Financial implications of treatment
**Guarantees regarding treatment outcomes**
48
When a patient chooses NOT to adhere to recommended treatment or referrals he or she is demonstrating
A. Expressed consent
B. Informed consent
C. Expressed refusal
D. Informed refusal
**Informed refusal**
49
Which three items are stages of the transtheoretical model?
A. Contemplation
B. Safety
C. Self-actualization
D. Action
E. Maintenance
F. Awareness
A. **Contemplation**
D. **Action**
E. **Maintenance**
50
Joe arrives for his 6-month hygiene visit and allows the hygienist to clean his teeth and take radiographs. This is an example of
A. Implied consent
B. Expressed consent
C. Informed consent
D. Explicit consent
**Implied consent**
51
Who is at the greatest risk for developing dentin hypersensitivity?
A. 15-year-old boy with mild gingivitis
B. 35-year-old female with chronic periodontal disease
C. 70-year-old female with a partial denture
D. 50-year-old male with chronic periodontal disease
**35-year-old female with chronic periodontal disease**
52
What is the agent that causes nerve hyperpolarization?
A. AgN
B. Ca2NO
C. KNO3
D. PNO3
**KNO3**
53
In OSCAR, prioritization of oral health, financial ability or limitations, and significance of anticipated life span are examples of:
A) Reality
B) Capability
C) Systematic
D) Oral
E) Autonomy
A) **Reality**
54
What is the onset, duration and max does of Oraqix?
Onset = **30 seconds**
Duration = **14-31** minutes (**20** min average)
Max dosage = **5** cartridges
55
When a patient presents with dentin hypersensitivity the recommended treatment approach is
1. Laser treatment with air abrasion
2. Pulpal treatment
3. Paint-on treatment
4. Desensitizing toothpaste
A. 1, 2, 3, 4
B. 2, 4, 1, 3
C. 3, 4, 2, 1
D. 3, 4, 1, 2
**3, 4, 1, 2**
Paint-on treatment
Desensitizing toothpaste
Laser treatment with air abrasion
Pulpal treatment
56
Dentin hypersensitivity is caused when a physical stimulus is applied to exposed dentin tubules. Exposure of A-delta fibers is caused by disturbance of fluid creating a sharp pain sensation.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
**Both** statements are **true**.
57
A conservative course of treatment for dentin hypersensitivity is recommended because treatments are
A. Expensive and long-lived
B. Inexpensive and long-lived
C. Inexpensive and short-lived
D. Expensive and short-lived
**Expensive and short-lived**
58
Which of the following statements in regard to the prevalence of oral cancer is NOT true?
1. Older individuals have a greater risk for oral cancer.
2. Women have twice the rate of oral cancer compared to men.
3. Oral cancer increases with the amount and duration of smoking.
4. Human papillomavirus is associated with 20% to 30% of oral cancer.
**Women have twice the rate of oral cancer compared to men.**
59
The best method for removing the polishing agent from the interproximal surfaces is to
A. Flush the area with the air polisher using water only.
B. Flush the area using the air/water syringe.
C. Have the patient rinse with water and expectorate.
D. Floss between all teeth.
**Floss between all teeth.**
60
Manual polishing uses balsa wood attached to a contra-angle handle to polish and desensitize the teeth. Dental hygienists commonly use manual polishing to remove extrinsic stain from the enamel surface.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
**Both** statements are **false**.
61
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ refers to the ability to recognize or identify a disease.
A) Diagnosis
B) Assessment
C) Documentation
D) Implementation
C) Evaluation
D) Planning
A) **Diagnosis**
62
Bacteria (periodontal pathogens) associated with Periodontal Disease that has STRONG evidence includes: Choose all that apply:
Select the Correct Answers
A) Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
B) Porphyromonas gingivalis
C) Prevotella melaninogenica
D) Tannerella forsythia
A) **Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans**
B) **Porphyromonas gingivalis**
D) **Tannerella forsythia**
63
What ensures greater success in managing, preventing, and relieving symptoms of dentin hypersensitivity?
A) Differential diagnosis of the etiology of dentin hypersensitivity in conjunction with evidence based-care
B) Patient education of dentin hypersensitivity in conjunction with evidence based-care
C) Differential diagnosis of the etiology of dentin hypersensitivity in conjunction with patient education.
C) **Differential diagnosis of the etiology of dentin hypersensitivity in conjunction with patient education.**
64
Each of the following practices should be taken into consideration when making a treatment plan for a patient with dentin hypersensitivity EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Brushing technique and frequency
B. High acidic diet
C. Use of hard-bristled toothbrush
D. High-caloric diet
**High-caloric diet**
65
All of the following are PUTATIVE PATHOGENS. Choose all that apply.
A) Tannerella forsythia
B) Fusobacterium nucleatum
C) Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
D) Prevotella melaninogenica
E) Eubacterium spp
F) Prevotella intermedia
G) Porphyromonas gingivalis
H) Peptostreptococcus micros
B) **Fusobacterium nucleatum**
D) **Prevotella melaninogenica**
E) **Eubacterium spp**
F) **Prevotella intermedia**
H) **Peptostreptococcus micros**
66
Why is it important for the patient to provide accurate and detailed information about his or her medical and dental history?
1. It is not that important because the dental hygienist can figure it out by doing an oral examination.
2. A patient’s medical history helps the dental hygienist understand whether the individual will be compliant.
3. It provides an understanding of how the patient lives and his or her socioeconomic status.
4. It will help identify risks that will need to be addressed or discussed prior to developing a treatment plan.
**It will help identify risks that will need to be addressed or discussed prior to developing a treatment plan.**
67
Silver Amalgam and Copper Amalgam are examples of
A) Endogenous Intrinsic Stains
B) Exogenous Extrinsic Stains
C) Endogenous Extrinsic Stains
D) Exogenous Intrinsic Stains
D) **Exogenous Intrinsic Stains**
68
In OSCAR, functional ability, self-care, caregivers, oral hygiene, transportation to appointments, and mobility within the dental office are examples of:
A) Reality
B) Capability
C) Systematic
D) Oral
E) Autonomy
B) **Capability**
69
Each of the following factors have an effect on the duration and severity of dentin hypersensitivity EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Amount of dentin tubules exposed
B. Patient age
C. Type of stimuli
D. Occlusion classification
**Occlusion classification**
70
Stains that are more common in **female** patients, and frequently found in
clean mouths.
A) Yellow E) Green
B) Orange F) Black-line
C) Brown G) Tobacco
D) Red
F) **Black-line**
71
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ and _________________ are important factors for the prevention or treatment of oral infectious diseases.
**Patient compliance to self-care regimens;**
**reduction of risk**
72
Why is the relationship between obesity and periodontal disease under investigation in clinical studies?
1. There is no clinical evidence that there is a relationship.
2. The increase in obesity in the United States makes it a health risk.
3. Obesity increases the inflammatory burden and periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease.
4. Cross-sectional studies prove that obesity increases the incidence of periodontal disease.
**Obesity increases the inflammatory burden and periodontal disease is an inflammatory disease.**
73
Determining existing or potential health problems that require further interventions is part of the
A. Differential diagnosis
B. Dental hygiene diagnosis
C. Definitive diagnosis
D. Conditional diagnosis
**Dental hygiene diagnosis**
74
Ninety percent of all dentin exposure lesions occur at the cervical margin of the tooth. A localized lesion begins in the interproximal spaces.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
The **first** statement is **true**; the **second** is **false**.
75
Only patients 18 years and older should be screened for tobacco use. Children and adolescents who begin smoking or are exposed to second-hand smoke are not at risk for periodontal disease since their immune systems are stronger.
1. Both statements are true.
2. Both statements are false.
3. The first statement is true; the second is false.
4. The first statement is false; the second is true.
**Both** statements are **false**.
76
Financial implications should be included in a treatment plan.
True
False
**True**
77
The case presentation should cover all areas that were previously identified as essential elements of the treatment plan. The dental hygiene case presentation should only be presented to the patient regardless of age or mental state.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
The **first** statement is **true**; the **second** is **false**.
78
When selecting a polishing agent the least abrasive agent that will produce effective results should be selected. Restorations should never be polished.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
The **first** statement is **true**; the **second** is **false**.
79
Thick deposits of stain conceivably can provide a rough surface on which dental biofilm can collect and irritate the adjacent gingiva.
True
False
**True**
80
**Prevalence** is the number of cases of a disease or condition per population at risk at a particular point in time. **Incidence** is the number of new cases of a disease or condition over a specified period of time.
1. Both statements are true.
2. Both statements are false.
3. The first statement is true; the second is false.
4. The first statement is false; the second is true.
**Both** statements are **true**.
81
Medium to coarse prophy paste should be used during power polishing to remove light stain from the enamel surface. Overheating of the tooth can occur if an insufficient amount of prophy paste is used during power polishing.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
The **first** statement is **false**; the **second** is **true**.
82
Each of the following is a predisposing factor of dentin hypersensitivity EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Thin gingival tissue
B. Anatomical architecture of alveolar bone
C. Improper brushing technique
D. Presence of third molars
**Presence of third molars**
83
The Mohs hardness value for enamel is
## Footnote
A. 3.0
B. 4.0
C. 5.0
D. 9.3
**5.0**
84
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ is the cornerstone to developing a patient-centered care plan.
A) OSCAR
B) Risk Assessment
C) Evidence-Based care
D) ADPIED
B) **Risk Assessment**
85
Which of the following is NOT associated with periodontal disease?
1. P. gingivalis
2. A. actinomycetemcomitans
3. Lactobacilli
4. T. forsythensis
**Lactobacilli**
86
The risks and benefits of the proposed care plan should be explained to the patient so that the patient can make an informed decision when consenting to treatment.
A. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
B. Both the statement and reason are correct but NOT related.
C. The statement is correct, but the reason is NOT correct.
D. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
E. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason are correct.
**Both** the **statement** and **reason** are **correct** and **related**.
87
Health education and promotion _are not a part_ of the dental hygiene process of care because the dental hygiene process of care is used for providing clinical services only.
A. Both the statement and reason are correct and related.
B. The statement is correct but the reason is NOT.
C. The statement is NOT correct, but the reason is correct.
D. NEITHER the statement NOR the reason is correct.
D. **NEITHER** the statement **NOR** the reason is correct.
88
Place the six stages of the transtheoretical model in order.
A. Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, termination, maintenance
B. Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, maintenance, termination
C. Precontemplation, contemplation, action, preparation, maintenance, termination
D. Precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, termination, action, maintenance
B. Precontemplation,
contemplation,
preparation,
action,
maintenance,
termination
89
stains develop or originate from within the tooth.
A) Endogenous
B) Intrinsic
C) Exogenous
D) Extrinsic
A) **Endogenous**
90
OSCAR is a systematic approach to identifying dental, medical/pharmacologic, functional, ethical, and fiscal factors that need to be evaluated and weighed when planning treatment for GERIATRIC individuals or those with DISABILITIES.
True
False
**True**
91
Amelogenesis imperfecta, dentinogenesis imperfecta, enamel hypoplasia, dental fluorosis are \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Endogenous Intrinsic Stains
B) Exogenous Extrinsic Stains
C) Endogenous Extrinsic Stains
D) Exogenous Intrinsic Stains
A) **Endogenous Intrinsic Stains**
92
When providing health education for anyone from adolescence through the elderly, the most important characteristic to evaluate is
A. Motivation
B. Functional ability
C. Socioeconomic status
D. State of health at the time
B. **Functional ability**
93
Definite diagnosis represents the identification or determination of a disease, problem, or injury. Differential diagnosis represents a list (in order) of the likelihood conditions or diseases may be based on signs observed.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
**Both** statements are **true**.
94
Is it worth recommending a smoking cessation program if the patient has been smoking for more than 20 years?
1. Yes. Studies show that people who quit smoking can respond well to periodontal therapy.
2. No. There is a cumulative effect that does not go away.
3. It does not matter. The damage has already been done to the gingival tissue.
4. Maybe. It depends on how many packs of cigarettes the individual smokes per day.
**Yes. Studies show that people who quit smoking can respond well to periodontal therapy.**
95
Which of the following are NOT considered MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS. Choose all that apply:
A) Lupus
B) Smoking and tobacco use
C) Oral health status and bleeding
D) Local contributing factors
E) Diabetes mellitus
F) Osteoperosis
G) Obesity
H) Medications
I) Xerostomia
J) Immunosupression
K) History of disease
A) **Lupus**
K) **History of disease**
96
Collaboration among the oral health providers and other health-care providers is essential for the patient and the providers. Understanding among health-care providers that they can share the same diagnosis but intervene and treat accordingly to their respective profession’s scope of practice promotes an interdisciplinary and comprehensive approach to patient care.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
**Both** statements are **true**.
97
Stannous Fluoride, Pigmented Foods, Anti-Biofilm Agents, Betel Leaf ,Swimmer’s Stain are all __________ stains.
A) Yellow E) Green
B) Tobacco F) Brown
C) Red and orange G) Black-line
D) Metallic
F) **Brown**
98
Each of the following are contraindications for air and power polishing EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Individuals with a communicable disease
B. Individuals with an upper respiratory infection
C. Individuals who are immune compromised
D. Individuals with a latex allergy
**Individuals with a latex allergy**
99
Which of the following is NOT included in the dental hygiene process of care?
A. Assessment
B. Dental diagnosis
C. Planning
D. Evaluation
***Dental diagnosis***
100
The reduction of risk factors improves therapy outcomes and prognosis.
True
False
**True**
101
Teeth, restorations, prostheses, periodontium, pulpal status, oral mucosa, occlusion, saliva, tongue, and alveolar bone are listed under what factors of concern in OSCAR?
A) Oral
B) Systemic
C) Reality
D) Autonomy
E) Capability
A) **Oral**
102
When a dental hygienist provides additional procedures without the consent of the patient, this practitioner could be libel for
A. Breach of contract
B. Battery
C. Slander
D. Negligence
E. Malpractice
**Battery**
103
You plan to use the air polisher on a patient who has generalized recession and furcation involvement. Biofilm is generally present on most tooth surfaces and there is no visible stain. The polishing agent of choice would be
A. Sodium bicarbonate
B. Glycine
C. Calcium carbonate
D. Aluminum trihydroxide
**Glycine**
104
A prophy brush should be used on facial and lingual surfaces of the teeth. Power polishing can be used to remove bacteria prior to sealant placement.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
The **first** statement is **false**; the **second** is **true**.
105
Endogenous stains are ALWAYS INTRINSIC and usually are discolorations of the dentin reflected through the enamel.
True
False
**True**
106
The dental hygiene treatment plan is based on: Choose all that apply:
Select the Correct Answers
A) Dental Hygiene diagnosis
B) Patient's health history
C) Assessment findings
D) Current scientific evidence
E) Patient's goal's values and lifestyle
F) Patient wants
A) **Dental Hygiene diagnosis**
B) **Patient's health history**
C) **Assessment findings**
D) **Current scientific evidence**
E) **Patient's goal's values and lifestyle**
107
Which type of sensitivity is caused by dehydration?
A. Chemical
B. Evaporative
C. Emotional
D. Thermal
**Evaporative**
108
Why is it important to consider nonmodifiable risk factors if you cannot change them?
1. It is not important to treatment or the patient.
2. All risk factors can be modified.
3. They make periodontal treatment ineffective.
4. They can impact treatment decisions and prognosis.
**They can impact treatment decisions and prognosis.**
109
Exogenous stains may be EXTRINSIC and stay on the outer surface of the tooth or INTRINSIC and become incorporated within the tooth structure.
True
False
**True**
110
Selective polishing is a technique used to polish specific teeth that present with _intrinsic_ stain. The selective polishing technique has been incorporated into practice to reduce damage to the enamel surface.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
The **first** statement is **false**; the **second** is **true**.
111
Which of the following bacteria is associated with caries?
1. S. mutans
2. P. gingivalis
3. A. actinomycetemcomitans
4. T. forsythensis
**S. mutans**
112
The dental hygiene diagnosis defines and specifies the types of problems presented by each patient, providing a bridge between the assessment phase of care and the development of the treatment plan. Formulating the dental hygiene diagnosis involves a process of clinical decision-making, taking into consideration the patient health history, oral health-care needs and values, and findings from assessment procedures.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
**Both** statements are **true**.
113
All of the following are NON-MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS. Choose all that apply
Select the Correct Answers
A) HIV/AIDS
B) Immunosupression
C) Leukemia
D) Age
E) Race
F) Sex
G) Genetics
H) History of Disease
D) **Age**
E) **Race**
F) **Sex**
G) **Genetics**
H) **History of Disease**
114
Recommendations for daily self-care, monitoring, and scheduling intervals for future oral health care represents what phase of the four-phase care plan development?
A. Prevention
B. Therapy
C. Maintenance
D. Referral
**Maintenance**
115
Each of the following techniques is used to treat dentin hypersensitivity EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Interruption of nerve transmission
B. Tubule occlusion
C. Protein precipitants
D. Tubule dehydration
**Tubule dehydration**
116
The Mohs hardness value for Cementum is:
A. 2.5
B. 2.0
C. 5.0
D. 9.3
A. **2.5 - 3.0**
117
Which desensitizing agents is classified as a nerve hyperpolarization, which interrupt nerve conduction?
A) Fluoride
B) Calcium sodium phosphosilicate
C) Silver nitrate
D) Potassium nitrate
D) **Potassium nitrate**
118
Sally is 12 years old and comes back to the operatory for her scheduled prophylaxis and fluoride treatment with the hygienist while her parents are in the waiting area. The hygienist reviews her chart and notices Sally is due for radiographs. The hygienist takes them and informs the parents after the appointment. Which of the following is the hygienist potentially libel for?
A. Battery
B. Breach of contract
C. Personal injury
D. The hygienist is not libel; she obtained informed consent.
**Battery**
119
Expressed consent is consent by patient actions. Expressed consent is easily disputed.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
**Both** statements are **false**.
**Implied consent**
120
The Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) of Hard tissue loss
**\< 50%** of surface area is:
A) 2
B) 5
C) 0
D) 3
E) 4
F) 1
A) **2**
121
All of the following are Key Areas of Assessment Data (10). Choose all that apply.
Select the Correct Answers
A) Scaling G) Hard tissue
B) General systemic H) Soft tissue
C) Dental Charting I) Oral Hygiene
D) Chief complaint J) Dental history
E) Nutrition K) Radiographic survey
F) Periodontal L) Oral habits
M) Air polishing
B) General systemic H) Soft tissue
D) Chief complaint I) Oral Hygiene
E) Nutrition J) Dental history
F) Periodontal K) Radiographic survey
G) Hard tissue L) Oral habits
122
Diagnosis is based on: Choose all that apply:
Select the Correct Answers
A) Recognizing ethical and legal responsibilities of record keeping
B) Recording legible, concise, and accurate information.
C) Signs and symptoms
D) Interview with the patient and/or family
E) other pertinent health assessments
F) Physical examination
C) **Signs and symptoms**
D) **Interview with the patient and/or family**
E) **other pertinent health assessments**
F) **Physical examination**
123
What risk factors may impact the timing of periodontal therapy?
1. It is important to do periodontal therapy immediately regardless of risk factors.
2. If a patient has uncontrolled diabetes it may be best to consult the physician and postpone therapy until the condition is under control.
3. A patient must stop smoking before periodontal therapy or it will not be successful.
4. None of the above
**If a patient has uncontrolled diabetes it may be best to consult the physician and postpone therapy until the condition is under control.**
124
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ occur within the tooth substance and cannot be removed by techniques of scaling or polishing.
A) Exogenous
B) Extrinsic
C) Intrinsic
D) Endogenous
C) **Intrinsic**
125
Which of the following stains may be removed by scaling or polishing. (Discolorations of the teeth and restorations occur in three general ways)
Select the Correct Answers
A) Contained within calculus and soft deposits
B) Adheres directly to the surfaces
C) Incorporated within the tooth structure or the restorative material.
A) **Contained within calculus and soft deposits**
B) **Adheres directly to the surfaces**
126
Which of the following is NOT a clinical finding in smokers?
1. Greater alveolar bone loss
2. Deeper periodontal pockets
3. Increased furcation involvement
4. Decreased tooth loss
**Decreased tooth loss**
127
The role of __________ is to cover the tubules and reduces sensitivity
A) smear layer
B) dentin
C) enamel
D) pulp cap
A) **smear layer**
128
Pulpless or Traumatized Teet, Disturbances in Tooth Development, Drug-Induced Stains and Discolorations can all cause \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Endogenous Intrinsic Stains
B) Exogenous Extrinsic Stains
C) Endogenous Extrinsic Stains
D) Exogenous Intrinsic Stains
A) **Endogenous Intrinsic Stains**
129
Treament options for managing dentin hypersensitivity includes: Choose all that apply:
A) Plug/block and occlude dentin tubules
B) Interrupt the transmission of neural impulses
A) **Plug/block and occlude dentin tubules**
B) **Interrupt the transmission of neural impulses**
130
Calculus provides a soothing coating to the tooth to make it less sensitive. Calculus is the most highly calcified and hardest tissue in the body.
A. Both statements are true.
B. Both statements are false.
C. The first statement is true; the second is false.
D. The first statement is false; the second is true.
The **first** statement is **true**; the **second** is **false**.
131
Which local conditions increase the risk for oral disease?
1. Open margins between tooth and restorative material
2. Temporary anchor device and orthodontic appliances
3. Retained cement around crown or implant
4. All of the above
**All of the above**
132
The _______________ elicit a well-localized sharp pain considered responsible for dentin hypersensitivity
A) myelenated A-delta fibers
B) myelinated C-delta fibers
C) myelinated D-delta fibers
D) myelinated B-delta fibers
A) **myelenated A-delta fibers**
133
The likelihood that a patient will experience dentin hypersensitivity is directly proportionate to the number of exposed dentin tubules.
True
False
**True**
134
What does OSCAR stands for?
A) Oral, Systemic, Capability, Autonomy, Reality
B) Oral, Systemic, Capability, Autonomy, Reliability
C) Oral, Systemic, Care, Autonomy, Reality
D) Oral, Systemic, Capability, Assessment, Reality
A) **Oral, Systemic, Capability, Autonomy, Reality**
135
The current standards recognize that the hygienist must be able to do all of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Analyze and interpret all assessment data to evaluate clinical findings and formulate the dental hygiene diagnosis.
B. Determine patient needs that can be improved through the delivery of dental hygiene care.
C. Incorporate the dental hygiene diagnosis into the overall dental treatment plan.
D. Create a treatment plan without collaborating with the dentist.
**Create a treatment plan without collaborating with the dentist.**
136
Tobacco stains are PRIMARILY found in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, and most FREQUENTLY found in \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A) Cervical third/interproximal surfaces
B) Cervical third/lingual surfaces
C) Cervical third/facial surfaces
B) **Cervical third;**
## Footnote
**lingual surfaces**
137
The significance of stains is primarily the appearance or cosmetic effect.
True
False
**True**
138
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ has been referred to as one of the most chronic and painful dental conditions that occurs often in the general population but is more prevalent in periodontal patients.
A) Dentin hypersensitivity
B) Enamel hypersensitivity
C) Pulpal hypersensitivity
D) Root hypersensitivity
A) **Dentin hypersensitivity**
139
Reduction of the rest potential or nerve membrane so that a nerve impulse is fired is known as
A. Chemical stimuli
B. Evaporative stimuli
C. Neural activity
D. Neural depolarization mechanism
**Neural depolarization mechanism**
140
The expectation of the current clinical standards of practice is that
A. Oral health will be improved through patient-centered comprehensive care.
B. Patients will accept greater responsibility for the treatment rendered.
C. Documentation will improve treatment rendered.
D. Dental hygienists will be employed in a greater variety of practice settings.
E. All of the above
**Oral health will be improved through patient-centered comprehensive care.**
141
What are the predisposing factors of dentin hypersensitivity?
Select the Correct Answers
A) Enamel loss (erosive dissolution with pH below 5.5)
B) Parafunctional oral habits (excessive brushing, poor oral hygiene, grinding, abrasion of root surfaces, etc.)
C) Anatomical abnormality (Malpositioned teeth, enamel and cementum do not meet at the cementoenamel junction)
D) Periodontal (gingival recession, exposed dentin, extensive tooth and root instrumentation)
E) All of the above
E) **All of the above**
142
Which of the following is NOT a putative pathogen bacteria associated with periodontal disease?
1. Prevotella intermedia
2. Eikenella corrodens
3. Treponema denticola
4. Tannerella forsythia
**Tannerella forsythia**
143
A statement about the possible outcomes that can be expected from the dental hygiene interventions is known as the
A. Dental hygiene diagnosis
B. Care plan
C. Risk assessment
D. Prognosis
E. Outcomes assessment
**Prognosis**
144
Dental hygienists can intervene in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity using all of the following methods EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A. Apply an acidic agent and dry with air to the surface.
B. Review and suggest behavioral changes.
C. Put to use mechanisms of desensitization.
D. Scale the teeth thoroughly.
**Apply an acidic agent and dry with air to the surface.**
145
More frequently on anterior than on posterior teeth and usually cause by Chromogenic bacteria.
A) Yellow E) Green
B) Tobacco F) Brown
C) Red and orange G) Black-line
D) Metallic
C) **Red and orange**
146
What are the components of Oraqix?
2. 5% **Lidocane**
2. 5% **Prilocaine** periodontal gel
147
The most significant oral cancer risk factors are: Choose all that apply
A) Diabetes
B) Tobacco use
C) HPV
D) Alcohol use
B) **Tobacco use**
C) **HPV**
D) **Alcohol use**
148
Which of the following is NOT considered a nonmodifiable risk factor?
1. Gender
2. Diabetes
3. Race
4. Age
**Diabetes**
