exam 1 Flashcards
(82 cards)
1
Q
what is the optic nerve #
A
cranial nerve 2
2
Q
when does low vision occur (numbers)
A
20/70
3
Q
when does legal blindness occur
A
20/200
4
Q
what is OD
A
right eye
5
Q
what is OS
A
left eye
6
Q
what is OU
A
both eyes
7
Q
when checking the 6 cardinal fields of gaze, what nerves are checked for functioning
A
3, 4, 6
8
Q
estropia
A
deviation towards nose
9
Q
exotropia
A
deviation away from nose
10
Q
hypotropia
A
deviation downward
11
Q
hypertropia
A
deviation upward
12
Q
what is PERRLA
A
pupils are equal, round, reactive to light, and have accomidation
13
Q
ptosis
A
drooping of the eyelid
14
Q
tonometer
A
checks intraocular pressure
15
Q
what is arcas senilis
A
lipid deposit around the cornea (white ring)
older adults
16
Q
what is the one thing that increases with vision as you age
A
increase opacity
17
Q
how should you wipe the eye
A
inner to outer
18
Q
what should you cover when giving eye drops
A
punctum (tear ducts)
19
Q
what should you not do with an eye patch
A
watch tv
read
20
Q
what is conjuncitivits
A
inflammation of the conjunctiva
21
Q
what is important to remember about both viral and bacterial conjuncitivitis
A
VERY CONTAGIOUS
22
Q
s/s of conjunctivitis
A
redness itching crusty exudate pain itching excessive tears
23
Q
blepharitis
A
inflammation of the eyelid
24
Q
Keratitis
A
inflammation of the cornea
25
s/s of keratitis
pain
sensitivity to light
tearing
26
hordeolum
stye, adscess in the sebaceous gland at base of eyelash
27
chalazion
larger than hordeolum
28
s/s of hordeolum
tender, swelling
29
s/s of chalazion
firm, painless
30
Emmetropia
normal vision
31
Ametropia
abnormal vision
32
presbyopia
age related changes due to vision that occurs after 40
33
what is important when interacting with blind people
identify yourself
let them know where things are (especially when eating)
speak before touching
tell them when you are leaving
34
what is retinal detachment
seperation of the retina from the layer beneath
35
is there pain with retinal detachment
NO
| no pain receptors
36
what are s/s of retinal detachment
sudden change of vision
loss of peripheral vision
decreased visual acuity
37
what is glaucoma
damage to the optic nerve which sends info from eye to the brain
38
what is the end stage of glaucoma
loss of peripheral vision
39
which form of glaucoma is an emergency
AACG (acute angle closure glaucoma)
40
what is AACG related to
the anatomy of the eye
unilateral (one eye)
SEVERE PAIN
41
what is POAG
degeneration of the drainage system of the eye which blocks flow of aqueous humor
42
is POAG painful
no, it is gradual and painless
43
what medications are given to help glaucoma
Miotics
44
how do miotics work
constrict the pupils
45
what medications SHOULD NOT be given with glaucoma
Mydriatics
46
what medications are mydriatics
atropine
diphenhydramine/hydroxyzine
Anticholinergics
Antihistamines
47
what do mydriatics do
dilate pupils
48
what are cataracts
opacity (cloudy) formation of the lens
49
what can cataracts be caused by
```
smoking
alcohol
age
DM
UV light
```
50
s/s of cataracts
```
PAINLESS
increased sensitivty to glare
hazy/blurred vision
double vision
decreased color vision
```
51
what is macular degeneration
age related is the leading cause of blindness (>50)
52
what are the two types of macular degeneration
dry (atrophic)
| wet (exudative)
53
after what age can a lazy eye no longer be fixed
7
54
what can help strabismus
eye patching stronger eye, glasses, eye exercises
55
what are s/s in child with strabismus
double vision
| appear clumsy
56
what cranial nerve is classified as the vestibulococular nerve
cranial nerve 8
57
what does the eustachian tube do
equalize pressure
58
what is Presbycusis
the first loss of hearing is high frequency
| doesnt help if you talk louder
59
what antibiotics are ototoxic
gentamyocin, vancomyocin
60
what do you pull on child
down on pinna
61
what do you pull on adult
up on pinna
62
what are the three types of hearing loss
conductive
sensorinerual
mixed
63
what is conductive hear loss
sound impulses do not get though external canal to the inner ear
64
what are causes of conductive hearing loss
```
foreign body
cerumen
infection
perforation
trauma
tumores
cyst
```
65
what is sensorinerual hearing loss
loss of hearing in the inner ear due to the cochlea and hair cells and nerve endings
66
what causes sensorinerual hearing loss
```
measles
mumps
meningitis
ototoxic drugs
noise
aging
disease
```
67
what are s/s of ototoxicity
tinnitus
dizziness
hearing loss
68
what causes mixed hearing loss
CVA (stroke)
| tumors
69
furuncle
hair follicle infected
70
carbuncle
multiple hair follicles affected
71
Perichondritis
infection of auricle
72
when should you NOT irrigate the eardrum
if the eardrum had been perforated
73
what is the most common infection
otitis media (middle ear)
74
what are the causes of otitis media
fluid
pus
air
75
what kind of pain occurs with otitis media when it perforates
pain before
| no pain after
76
when does mastoiditis occur
when otitis media is not treated
77
what is myringotomy
tubes inserted
78
what is osteosclerosis
hardening of the ear that creates conductive loss
79
s/s of labyrinthitis
vertigo
tinnitus
sensorineural hearing loss
nystagmus
80
what is the traid of menieres disease
vertigo
tinnitus
hearing loss
81
what is benign paroxysmal positional vertigo
short lasting, severe, room spinning, unpredictable, occurs with head position changes
82
when should stuttering be a worry
after 5 years
