Exam 2 Flashcards
(127 cards)
1
Q
Superficial Spreading Melanomas
A
most common
2
Q
what do nails reflect
A
overall general health of the patient
3
Q
what causes cradle cap
A
increased sebum production
yeast overgrowth
4
Q
treatments for pemphigus include
A
Corticosteroids Cytotoxic Agents Antibiotics Analgesices Antiipriuretics Fluids increase protein increase calories
5
Q
do you want a wound to be moist
A
yes, but not too moist
6
Q
what is an autolytic cream do
A
natural enzymes break down eschar
NOT FOR INFECTED WOUNDS
7
Q
risk factors for pressure ulcers include
A
immobility impaired circulation elderly impaired sensory perception very thin or obese
8
Q
complications that can arrise from psoriasis
A
secondary infection
arthritis
nail changes
lymphadenopathy
9
Q
where is candida most often found
A
skin folds
under breasts
mouth
groin
10
Q
Pemphigus
A
autoimmune disorder
bullae on skin/mucous membranes (boil/lesion)
11
Q
what should you educate the patient on with contact dermatitis
A
frequent diaper changes no harsh detergents no wipes with chemicals air out the affected area mild soaps barrier creams
12
Q
what environments do Candida/Thrush thrive in
A
warm/moist environments
increased pH
13
Q
Cyst
A
saclike growth
contains something inside
14
Q
what is the education for scabies
A
self medication
treat family members
wash clothes/linens
itching may continue 2 weeks following treatment
15
Q
the general s/s of dermatitis include
A
rash
itching
lesions
16
Q
why are obese patients also at risk for pressure ulcers
A
adispose tissue has little vascularization
17
Q
scabies
A
sarcoptes scabei mites
burrow into the skin
contagious
contact with infectious clothing/animals
18
Q
Herpes Zoster is characterized by
A
acute inflammation/infection
painful vesicles
follows nerve distribution (one area/side)
19
Q
what can Impeligo cause if it is not treated
A
Glomerulonephritis
20
Q
how often should you educate the patient do move/shift weight
A
every 15 minutes
21
Q
shear
A
patients slides down when HOB is elevated
22
Q
when is HSV not contagious
A
when scabs form
23
Q
types of Pediculosis include
A
Pediculosis Capitis=head
Pediculosis Corporis=body
Pediculosis Pubis=pubis
24
Q
balneotherapy
A
therapeutic baths
applies medications to large areas
25
where can Impeligo be contracted
```
pets
pools
towels
fingernails
beauty/barbershops
```
26
Carbuncle
abscess of skin and sub-q tissue
deeper than furuncle
staph
27
what are aggrevating factors of psoriasis
```
stress
strep pharyngitis
hormone changes
cold weather
skin trauma
some drugs (lithium, BB, antimilarial drugs)
```
28
where do you check the skin turgor on older adults
sternum
| collar bone
29
how can you prevent shingles (herpes zoster)
```
avoid the infected
Varicella Vacine (Varivax)
Zostavax
```
30
treatment for scabies include
```
topical scabicides (kill them)
antipriruritics
```
31
what are s/s of dermatitis
itching (pruritis)
redness
skin lesions
32
what are the types of biopsys
punch
shave
excisional
33
what are the triggers for Pemphigus
sun
| some drugs/foods
34
s/s of contact dermatitis
```
large erythematous patch with discrete geometric pattern
itching
edema
vesicles
papules
skin folds spared with diapers
```
35
what can be caused by itching
infection
36
how is herpes simplex virus contracted
direct contact
respiratory droplet
fluid exposure
37
what is the cardinal s/s for Impeligo
honey colored crusts
38
where are Furuncles most commonly found
areas prone to perspiration and friction
| buttocks, axillae
39
what is debridement
removal of the dead tissue
40
what occurs in the vesicles/pustules phase of HSV
burning, itching, pain
41
Cellulitis
infection and inflammation of skin/connective tissue
42
what has to be done for children under age 2
mechanical removal
43
dermatitis
inflammation of the skin
44
what are anticonvulsants/antidepressants used for in treatment of shingles (herpes zoster)
used for nerve pain (neuropathic pain)
45
Herpes Zoster is also known as
Shingles
46
alopecia
hair loss
47
what are Tineas caused by
dermatophytes
48
what is important to do with a patient that has Cellulitis
draw a border around the inflammation/redness
49
what are thick nails related to
fungal infections
50
what is woods light used to detect
UV light to detect fluorescent materials in skin/hair
51
what is a common powder used
Nystatin
| yeast infections
52
herpes simplex virus can what in the body
lay dormant
| reoccur with stress
53
what type of people does shingles mostly occur in
those with decreased immune function
elderly
AIDS
54
Nodular Melanomas
```
occurs suddenly
blue/black, blue/gray, reddish blue
fragile, bleeds easily
metastizes quickly
poor prognosis
```
55
what are the non-immunological (irritants) causes of contact dermatitis
```
diaper dermaitits
feces
urine
harsh detergents
friction
```
56
Tinea Cruris
```
"Jack Itch"
bathe daily
clean underwear
loose clothes
dont share personal items
```
57
when does Contact Dermatitis occur
direct skin contact with irritant or allergen
58
when assessing hair, what should you assess
color
quantity
thickness
texture
59
treatments for Tineas include
```
clean/dry skin
topical antifungals
oral antifungals
corticosteroids
teach to avoid spread
```
60
topical scabicides include
Permethrin
| Crotamiton
61
when is Impeligo no longer contagious
when the vesicles are crusted over
62
what is different with infants/peds
```
thinner epidermis
blood vessels are close to the surface
less sub-q fat
epidermis loosley bound to the dermis
contains more water
less pigmentation
more alkaline (basic) puts them at a risk for infections
```
63
how does shingles occur
reactivation of varicella zoster virus (chicken pox)
64
s/s of pediculosis include
itching, papular rash, teardrop shaped masses on hair
65
what does red mean for pressure ulcer
healing
66
s/s of cellulitis
```
warm
red
edema
pain
fever
lymphadenopathy
sepsis
```
67
treatment of psoriasis
vitamin D cream (slows skin cell division)
Enbrel (alters the immune system)
Methotrexate (hepatotoxic, no in pregnancy)
68
Psoriasis
inflammatory disorder, scaling, chronic disease, proliferation of epidermal cells at a rapid rate (overgrowth of skin cells)
69
s/s of Atopic Dermatitis
dry skin
pruritic (itching)
serous fluid
flare ups
70
if their is an infection on the face, what is of concern
THE BRAIN
71
Atopic Dermatits is caused by
environmental triggers, food, stress, summer sweat
72
when would a pressure ulcer be unstageable
if it is covered in necrosed tissue or exudate
73
Tinea Capitis
on the scalp
| contagious
74
when should you assess the Braden Scale
daily
75
Lentigo Melanomas
slow growing
exposed portions of the face
good prognosis
76
what is clubbing related to
hypoxia
77
where is HSV 2 found
below waist
| genital herpes
78
TInea Corporis
ringworm
| can be caused by pets
79
if an allergic contact dermatitis what should you educate on
oatmeal baths
cool compress
loose clothing
tepid baths
80
what do topical enzymatic creams do
destroy bad/dead tissue
| KEEP OFF HEALTHY TISSUE (can also destory it)
81
treatment for HSV includes
Antivirals (Acyclovir, Zovirax)
antibiotics for secondary infection
avoid triggers
82
what is a deep tissue injury
bruised are but it isnt cause by trauma
| caused by pressure and can indicate necrosis
83
Verrucae (Wart)
usually on hands, fingers, or feet
84
what is a blood supply study
doppler
85
treatment for carbuncles
soap and water
antibiotics
dont share towels
discard razors after use
86
treatment for cradle cap includes
daily shampooing with seborrheic shampoo
87
Tinea Unguium
toenails
| thickening of the toenails
88
s/s of psoriasis
papules
plaques
silver/white scales
itching
89
Atopic Dermatits example is
Eczema
90
s/s of herpes zoster (shingles)
```
vesicles
plaques
irritation
itching
fever
malaise
SEVERE PAIN
```
91
where is HSV 1 found
above the waist
| fever blisters
92
what causes pressure ulcers
```
pressure
tissue anoxia (collapse of capillaries)
```
93
how often should you reposition your patient
at least every 2 hours
94
when should you avoid using powder
patients with respiratory issues
95
Tinea Pedis
athletes foot
wear water shoes in public
topical cream
96
where are carbuncles commonly found
thick skin
back of neck
upper neck
buttocks
97
what occurs with the use of steroids
can cause thinning of the skin
98
treatment of acne vulgaris include
Benzoyl Peroxide
Vitamin A Acid
Antibiotics
Estrogen Therapy
99
what are the immunological (allergen/hypersensitivity) causes of contact dermatitis
nickel jewelry
| poison ivy/oak
100
beaus lines
transverse depressions
| can be related to diabetes
101
spoon shaped nails are related to
anemia
102
Acne Vulgaris characteristics
increased sebum production
blocked sebaceous ducts
increased with stress and external irritants
103
how is it spread
viral infection--by direct skin contact
104
Impeligo
caused by staph or step bacteria
| HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
105
what occurs in the Prodromal Phase of HSV
burning, tingling
106
what is stage 4 pressure ulcer
full thickness lost, can see bone and muscle tissue
107
s/s of Acne Vulgaris
Comedomes
open=blackheads
close=whiteheads
108
Pediculosis is also known as
lice
109
Verrucae is caused by
HPV
110
treatments for dermatitis include
Hydrocortisonse
| Methylprednisolone
111
ABCDE's of detecting a melanoma
```
Asymmetry
Borders
Color
Diameter
Evolution
```
112
seborrheic dermatitis is also known as
cradle cap
113
s/s of cradle cap
```
thick greasy patches
white/off white
yellow
scaling on the vertex of scalp
non-priuritic (itchy)
```
114
s/s of pressure ulcer
pain
open ulcerated area
color (black, yellow, red)
115
risk factors that can lead to melanomas
```
UV Rays
Fair Skin
Genetics
X-Ray Therapy
Chemicals
Immunosuppressants
```
116
Furuncle
small tender boil
deep in one or more hair follicles
staph
117
when is the antiviral Acyclovir most effective to treat shingles
if it is treated within 72 hours of onset
118
what are the 3 types of malignant melanomas
Lentigo
Superficial Spreading
Nodular
119
what are complications of herpes zoster (shingles)
```
Postherpetic Neuralgia
Presistent Dermatomal Pain
Hyperesthesia
Sepsis
Opthalmic Herpes Zoster (affects 5th cranial nerve)
```
120
Keloid
overgrowth of tissue during scar formation
121
what does the Braden Scale assess
```
Sensory Perception
Moisture
Activity
Mobility
Nutrition
Friction and Shear
```
122
medications used to treat Pediculosis include
Permethrin
Pyrethrin
Lindane
123
what should people avoid with Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema)
```
avoid fragrances
pat dry
avoid harsh soaps/oils
soft/loose fitting clothes
no fabric softeners
```
124
if someone has Pediculosis Pubis, what would you also test for
STD
125
how long should open wet dressings be used until you remove them
less than 72 hours
126
what bacteria causes cellulitis
staph
MRSA
strep
127
friction
sheet burn, dragging patient on bed linens
