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Health Assessment > Exam 1 - Abdomen > Flashcards

Exam 1 - Abdomen Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Blumbergs Sign

A

To diagnose appendicitis…rebound tenderness RLQ.

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2
Q

McBurneys Point

A

1 cm above the anterosuperior iliac spine, between the ileum and the umbilicus.

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3
Q

Borborygmi

A

Stomach growling

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4
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty swallowing

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5
Q

Peritonitis

A

Local or generalized infection of the peritoneal membrane of the abdomen

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6
Q

Referred Pain

A

a pain at a location other then the site of the painful stimulus

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7
Q

Melena

A

Black tarry stools

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8
Q

Steatorrhea

A

excess fat in stool, oily, floats, fowl smelling

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9
Q

Abates

A

to reduce in amount, degree, or intensity

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10
Q

What history questions should be asked when assessing the abdominal system?

A

Weight loss?

Change in color of stool?

Nausea and vomiting?

Unrelenting constipation?

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11
Q

Organs for Deep Palpation

A

Liver, Spleen, Kidneys, Aorta, Bladder

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12
Q

Rovsings Sign

A

referred pain press in LLQ w/quick release pain results in McBurneys point RLQ

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13
Q

Blumberg sign

A

rebound tenderness - RLQ stabbing pain as compressed area

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14
Q

Murphy’s Sign

A

test for CHOLECYSTITIS - gall bladder palpate liver - right costal border

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15
Q

Pulsation

A

aorta to epigastric area can see on normal thin person w/ good muscle relaxation

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16
Q

Organomegaly

A

enlargement of system organs

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17
Q

Organs for RLQ

A

appendix, ascending colon, cecum, right ovary, right spermatic cord, right kidney lower pole

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18
Q

Organs for RUQ

A

liver, gall bladder, ascending and transverse colon, right adrenal glad, right upper pole of kidney, ureter

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19
Q

Organs for LUQ

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A

pancreas, spleen, stomach, transverse colon, left upper pole of kidney, splenic flexure of colon

20
Q

Organs for LLQ

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A

descending and sigmoid colon, left ovary and tube, left spermatic cord, left kidney lower pole, left ureter

21
Q

Solid Organs

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A

liver, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, ovaries, uterus

22
Q

Hollow Organs

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A

stomach, gall bladder, small intestine, colon, bladder

23
Q

Order of Assessment of the Abdomen

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A

inspection

auscultation - begin in RLQ, to RUQ, to LUQ to LLQ

percussion

palpation

24
Q

Bowel Obstruction

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A

Subjective - pt has cramping, bloating, belly pain Objective - vomiting, large, hard belly Cause - tumors, scar tissue

25
Organ perforation
Subjective - pt has burning pain, flatulence, dyspepsia Objective - rigidity of abdomen, rebound tenderness Cause - gastric ulcer, appendicitis, GI cancer
26
Peptic Ulcer
Subjective - pt has severe heartburn, pain radiates to back or flank Objective - vomiting, bloating, weight loss or gain, melena(black tarry stool)
27
Duodenal Ulcer
Subjective - pt has pain in upper abdomen just below sternum Objective - bloating and retching Cause - H. pylori, anti-inflammatory meds (NSAIDS)
28
Malignancy of abdominal organ
Subjective - depends on organ and extent of cancer Objective - increased abdominal girth, enlarged organ, lymph nodes, or ascites Cause - metastasis, spread from other organs
29
Paralytic Illeus
Subjective - pt has fullness, gas, constipation Objective - distended abdomen, diarrhea, foul-smelling breath Cause - electrolyte imbalance, gastroenteritis, appendicitis, surgical complications, certain drugs
30
What is diastasis recti?
separation of the rectus abdominis muscles that run vertically down the midline of the abdomen
31
How do you assess it?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EsTR4i9yZxM
32
Where is McBurney's Point?
on a line between the ileum and umbilicus
33
Assessment techniques for appendicitis
1. Psoas 2. Obturator 3. Rovsing 4. Blumberg
34
What are common causes of Ascites?
CHF, cirrohis, renal failure, cancer
35
How does the nurse assess a painful abdomen?
look for nonverbal cues of discomfort look at facial expressions examine the most painful area last and superficially to prevent rupture
36
What are developmental considerations when assessing the abdomen?
Age - infants, children, elderly Pregnancy
37
What is guarding?
involuntary abdominal muscle contractions
38
How does a nurse lightly palpate the abdomen?
on the skin soft and non-tender to assess for tenderness or guarding
39
Where does the nurse palpate the aorta?
below the xiphoid process average aorta is 1.17 inch wide
40
What are abnormal bowel sounds on auscultation?
**Hypoactive** - post-op, infection, trauma, hypothyroidism **Hyperactive** - frequent high pitched sounds **absent** - ileus or bowel obstruction **borborygmus** - stomach growling **succusion splash** -sloshing of fluids
41
What are diseases of the liver?
cirrhosis, portal hypertension, liver failure, cancer, hepatitis
42
What is an abdominal aortic aneurysm?
an enlarged area in the lower part of the aorta, the major blood vessel that supplies blood to the body.
43
What are bowel sounds upon auscultation?
high pitched, intermittent gurgling sounds, heard in all quadrants, occur 5-30 times per minute
44
Psoas sign
place examiner's hand just above the client's knee instruct client to lift right leg which contracts psoas muscle or have pt flex thigh at hip positive test results in increased pain in the abdomen
45
Obturator Sign
stretch the obturator muscle by lifting the right leg, bend the knee and move the bent knee medially to stretch the muscle. Positive results in pain in the hypogastric or suprapubic region
46
Rovsing Sign
Press in LLQ with quick release Positive sign results in pain over McBurney's point in RLQ(referred pain)

Health Assessment (5 decks)

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