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Health Assessment > Exam 2 - Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Exam 2 - Musculoskeletal Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination that may affect speech, eye movements, the ability to swallow, walking and voluntary movements

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2
Q

Crepitus

A

popping or cracking of a joint, bony fractures, inflammation, arthritis, clicking, popping, or grating

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3
Q

Dorsal

A

pertaining to the back

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4
Q

Flaccid

A

Lack of muscle tone

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5
Q

ROM

A

The distance that a joint can move to its full potential

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6
Q

4 Elements of Musculoskeletal Exam

A

Inspection
Palpation
ROM
Strength

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7
Q

Elements of the musculoskeletal exam

A

exam of all joints moves from proximal to distal

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8
Q

Describe the grading of muscle strength

A

0 - no muscle contraction
1 - palpable muscle contraction but no movement
2 - full ROM without gravity (passive motion)
3- full ROM with gravity

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9
Q

Describe the grading of muscle strength

A

4 - Full ROM against gravity with moderate resistance

5 - Full ROM against gravity with full resistance (normal)

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10
Q

Flexion

A

bending movement that decreases the angle between 2 parts of the body

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11
Q

Flexion Joints

A

shoulders, elbows, wrist, fingers, hips, cervical spine, thoracic/lumber spine, hands, feet, knee

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12
Q

Extension

A

a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts

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13
Q

Extension Joints

A

wrist, fingers, hips, cervical spine, thoracic/lumbar spine, hands, feet, shoulders

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14
Q

Abduction

A

motion pulling a body part away from the midline of the body

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15
Q

Abduction Joints

A

shoulders, arms, hips

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16
Q

Adduction

A

motion that pulls a body part toward the midline of the body

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17
Q

Adduction Joints

A

shoulders, arms, hips

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18
Q

Circumduction

A

cobination of flexion, extension, adduction and abduction

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19
Q

Circumduction Joints

A

shoulder, hip, fingers, hands, feet, and head

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20
Q

Supination

A

movement of the forearm -palm faces up

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21
Q

Supination Joints

A

Elbow, foot

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22
Q

Pronation

A

palk moves to face inferiorly

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23
Q

Pronation Joints

A

Elbow, foot

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24
Q

Rotation

A

rotation toward or away from the center of the body

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25
Rotation Joints
shoulders (internal and external) | Feet - internal/external
26
Rotation Joints
Arms - internal/external | Hips - internal/external
27
Retraction
A nonangular posterior movement in a transverse plane
28
Dorsiflexion
pulling toes toward the head
29
Plantar flexion
pointing toes doward
30
Inversion
sole of the foot is turned medially
31
Eversion
sole of the foot faces laterally
32
Protraction
a non angular anterior movement in a transverse plane
33
Tophi
small lumps forming under the skin from complications of gouty arthritis
34
Buldge sign
tests for small amounts of fluid on the knee
35
Ballottment test
tests for large amount of fluid collection on the knee
36
McMurray Test
for meniscus tears in the knee - positive test includes pain or clicking with knee flexion and rotation
37
Phalens test and Tinels
for carpel tunnel
38
Boutonniere and swan neck deformity
flexion contractures associated with RA
39
Heberden and Bouchard
nodes occur in Osteoarthritis
40
Ulnar deviation
a condition where the wrist or fingers shift in the direction of the Ulna
41
Lasaque test or Straight Leg Raise Test
testing the sciatic nerve, physical exam of pts with low back impairments
42
Hip Dysplasia Tests - Infant and Child
Allis Sign, Barlow Test, Ortolanti's Test
43
Describe signs and symptoms associated with bony fracture movement
swelling or bruising over a bone, deformity of an arm or leg, pain in the injured area, loss of function in the injured area
44
Nerve impingement symptoms - Cervical Neck
numbness, tingling, pain, localized in the neck or radiating down the left or right upper extremities
45
Lumbar spine symptoms of nerve impingement
same as neck except symptoms in lower extremities
46
Describe Dislocation
Joint is no longer where it is supposed to be
47
Describe Subluxation
minor dislocation. Joint is a little off and shifted
48
Describe Contracture
muscles contract - a deformity is a result of stiffness or constriction in the muscles, joints, tendons, ligaments
49
Ankylosis
abnormal adhesion or immobility of the bones in a joint.
50
Active ROM
patient performs the exercise to move the joint without any assistance to the muscles
51
Passive ROM
Therapist or equipment moves the joint through the range of motion with no effort from the patient
52
Femur Fracture S&S
severe pain, swelling, tenderness, bruising, deformity, shortening of the leg
53
Hip Fracture S&S
Hip pain radiates to the knee, low back pain, inability to stand or walk, bruising or swelling, leg looks shorter, foot turned out at angle
54
Hip dislocation
deformed, out of place, swollen, discolored, intensely painful, immoveable
55
Developmental considerations Infant-Children
Spina bifida - congental
56
Testing for Hip Dysplasia
Dr. will check for "hip click" when performing tests. Allis Sign, Barlow Test, Tolantis Test
57
Kyphosis in elderly
exaggerated spine convexity | cause: degenerative disease and vertebrae fractures
58
Hip dysfunction in elderly
inflammation in the hip joint and breakdown of cartilage that cushions hip joints Cause - osteoarthritis and RA
59
Gait disturbance in the elderly
Parkinson's disease - stooped posture and short shuffling gait Ataxic gait - loss of voluntary coordination, unsteady gait Cause: stroke, head trauma, viral infection of the brain, MS, CP
60
Contractures in the elderly
affects residents in long term care facilities due to being frail, limited mobility, ROM, which leads to weakened muscles and brittle bones - not enough physical exercise
61
Lordosis
cartilage in pelvis softens in pregnant female, concave shape of the spine Cause: pregnancy
62
Scoliosis
spine will be S shaped, uneven shoulders, scapulae, hips, and leg lengths associated with scoliosis
63
Landmarks for checking adolescent scoliosis?
unequal shoulder elevation, unequal scapula, obvious curvature and unequal hip level

Health Assessment (5 decks)

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