EXAM 1 - ABG/DKA DRUGS

Question 1

What class is Ammonium Chloride?

Answer 1

Acidifying agent/electrolyte modifier

Question 2

What is Ammonium Chloride used to treat?

Answer 2

Metabolic Alkalosis and Hypochloremia

Question 3

What are the therapeutic effects of ammonium chloride?

Answer 3

Decreases pH and correction of metabolic alkalosis

Question 4

What class is Sodium Bicarb?

Answer 4

Alkalinizing Agents/Antacid

Question 5

What is sodium Bicarb used to treat?

Answer 5

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 6

What are the theraputic effects of Sodium Bicarb?

Answer 6

Releases Bicarb ions, Alkalization of gastric acid

Question 7

What electrolyte imbalance is Regular insulin used to treat? What should you monitor for?

Answer 7

Hyperkalemia - monitor for hypoglycemia and hypokalemia

Question 8

What is the ONSET for Regular Insulin -( Humulin-R) ?

Answer 8

30 minutes

Question 9

What is the PEAK for Regular Insulin -(Humulin-R)?

Answer 9

2 to 4 hours

Question 10

What is the DURATION for regular Insulin -(Humulin-R)?

Answer 10

6 to 8 hours

Question 11

What class is Albuterol?

Answer 11

Bronchodilator/Adrenergic

Question 12

What is Albuterol used to treat?

Answer 12

Asthma/COPD/Respiratory Acidosis

Question 13

What are the therapeutic effects of Albuterol?

Answer 13

Bronchodilation, prevents Bronchospasms, Used for respiratory acidosis by allowing more oxygen in and more CO2 out.

Question 14

What class is Furosemide?

Answer 14

Diuretic/loop diuretic

Question 15

what is furosemide used to treat?

Answer 15

Edema due to HF, HTN

Question 16

What alteration can furosemide cause and why?

Answer 16

Metabolic alkalosis - Promotes excretions of water, Na, Cl, Mg, K (hypocokalemia) and Ca (hypocalcemia)

Question 17

what are the therapeutic effects of furosemide?

Answer 17

Diuresis and removal of excess fluids

Question 18

What class is bumetanide?

Answer 18

Diuretic/Loop diuretic

Question 19

What is bumetanide used to treat?

Answer 19

Edema due to HF, hepatic disease or renal impairment

Question 20

What alteration can bumetanide cause and why?

Answer 20

Metabolic alkalosis - Promotes excretions of water, Na, Cl, Mg, K (hypocokalemia) and Ca (hypocalcemia)

Question 21

what are the theraputic effects of Bumetanide

Answer 21

Diuresis and removal of excess fluids

Question 22

What class is HCTZ?

Answer 22

Thiazide diruetic/antihypertenisve

Question 23

What is HCTZ used to treat?

Answer 23

Management of HTN, Edema related to HF and renal dysfunction.

Question 24

What alteration can HCTZ cause and why?

Answer 24

Metabolic alkalosis due to the excretion of fluid and electrolytes

Question 25

Nursing considerations for HCTZ?

Answer 25

Look for Hypokalemia, dehydration.

Question 26

what class is of medication is naloxone?

Answer 26

opioid antagonist/antidote

Question 27

what metabolic alteration does naloxone help treat and how?

Answer 27

Respiratory acidosis. If a person has overdosed they have depressed respirations which causes respiratory acidosis.

Question 28

What class of medication is naltrexone? Used for?

Answer 28

opioid antagonist/ alcohol withdrawal.

Question 29

what metabolic alteration does naltrexone help treat and how?

Answer 29

Respiratory acidosis. If a person is intoxicated they have depressed respirations which causes respiratory acidosis.

Question 30

what class of medication is prednisone?

Answer 30

steroid, anti-inflammatory

Question 31

what metabolic alteration does Prednisone help treat and how?

Answer 31

Respiratory acidosis. Helps reduce airway inflammation.

Question 32

What class of medication is Acetylcysteine?

Answer 32

antidote/mucolytic

Question 33

What metabolic alteration is acetylcysteine used to treat? How?

Answer 33

Respiratory acidosis, helps mobilizing of secretions and treats acetaminophen overdose (which causes lactic acidosis)

Question 34

What class of medication is lorazepam?

Answer 34

Benzo/anti-anxiety

Question 35

what metabolic alteration can lorazepam cause/treat? why?

Answer 35

can cause respiratory acidosis if too much is taken and respiratory rate slows. Can reduce anxiety to treat hyperventilation causing respiratory alkalosis.

Question 36

What class of medication is diazepam?

Answer 36

Benzo/anti-anxiety

Question 37

what metabolic alteration can diazepam cause/treat? why?

Answer 37

can cause respiratory acidosis if too much is taken and respiratory rate slows. Can reduce anxiety to treat hyperventilation causing respiratory alkalosis.

Question 38

what class of medication is promethazine?

Answer 38

antiemetic/antihistamine, sedative

Question 39

what metabolic alteration can promethazine cause/treat? why?

Answer 39

can cause respiratory acidosis from over sedation and can treat metabolic alkalosis from preventing vomitting

Question 40

what class of medication is ondansetron?

Answer 40

antiemetic

Question 41

what metabolic alteration can ondansetron cause/treat? why?

Answer 41

Can treat metabolic alkalosis by prevention of vomiting and loss of acid

Question 42

what class of medication is potassium chloride?

Answer 42

mineral/electrolyte supplement

Question 43

what metabolic alteration can potassium cause/treat? why?

Answer 43

treats hypokalemia which is associated with alkalosis

Question 44

what class is kayexalate?

Answer 44

electrolyte modifier

Question 45

what metabolic alteration can kayexalate cause/treat? why?

Answer 45

Hyperkalemia associated with metabolic acidosis, kayexalate helps excrete potassium

Question 46

what drug class is phenytoin?

Answer 46

antiepileptic

Question 47

Medication class that reduces the production of glucose by the liver and increases the use of glucose by muscle and fat cells. Give an example.

Answer 47

Biguanides - E.g. Metformin

Question 48

Medication class that Increases the ability of islet cells of the pancreas to secret insulin. Give an example.

Answer 48

sulfonylureas - Eg. Glipizide

Question 49

Medication class that decreases the resistance to insulin by up-regulating cell receptors (up-regulators). Give an example.

Answer 49

Thiazolidinediones - E.g. - Pioglitazone (Actos)

Question 50

Medication class that Slows carbohydrate digestion to control blood glucose. Give an example.

Answer 50

alpha-glucosidase - e.g. acarbose.

Question 51

Medication class that stimulates the pancreas to release more insulin right after a meal. Give an example.

Answer 51

Meglitinides - e.g. repaglinide | D-Pehnylalanine derivatives - E.g. Nateglinide

Question 52

class of medication that Inhibits the breakdown of incretins (incretins help body produce insulin when needed): increase post meal insulin secretions. Give an example.

Answer 52

DPP-4 inhibitors - e.g. Sitagliptin

Question 53

Works with other diabetes medications to lower blood glucose. give an example.

Answer 53

bile acid sequestrants - e.g. colesevelam (welchol)

Question 54

Injectable class of medication that after eating, simulates pancreatic insulin realease, decreases excessive glucagon release, slows glucose absorption into blood steam by slow stomach emptying.

Answer 54

GLP-1 receptor agonist - Extenatide

Question 55

What is the ONSET for Aspart Insulin -(Novolog) ?

Answer 55

About 15 minutes or less

Question 56

What is the PEAK for Aspart Insulin -(Novolog)?

Answer 56

1 to 3 hours

Question 57

What is the DURATION for Aspart Insulin -(Novolog)?

Answer 57

3 to 5 hours

Question 58

What is the ONSET for isophane suspension Insulin (NPH) -(Humulin N) ?

Answer 58

1 to 2 hours

Question 59

What is the PEAK for isophane suspension Insulin (NPH) -(Humulin N) ?

Answer 59

6 to 12 hours

Question 60

What is the DURATION for isophane suspension Insulin (NPH) -(Humulin N) ?

Answer 60

18 to 24 hours

Question 61

What is the ONSET for Insulin Glargine (Lantus) ?

Answer 61

about 1.5 hours

Question 62

What is the PEAK for Insulin Glargine (Lantus) ?

Answer 62

none

Question 63

What is the DURATION for Insulin Glargine (Lantus) ?

Answer 63

24 hours

Question 64

What is the ONSET for Combo insulin NPH/R (humulin 70/30)

Answer 64

30 minutes

Question 65

What is the PEAK for Combo insulin NPH/R (humulin 70/30)

Answer 65

2 to 12 hours

Question 66

What is the DURATION for Combo insulin NPH/R (humulin 70/30)

Answer 66

24 hours