exam 1 aerobic respiration/krebs Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in exam 1 aerobic respiration/krebs Deck (31)
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1
Q

what is aerobic respiration?

A

uptake of oxygen and release of CO2

2
Q

What are the 3 stages of aerobic respiration?

A
  1. fats, carbs, proteins oxidized to 2 carbon acetyl CoA
  2. krebs cycle
  3. ETC
3
Q

the aerobic system has the greatest production of?

A

ATP

4
Q

formation of ATP from energy obtained by the flow of electrons down the ETC to oxygen is called?

A

oxidative phosphorylation

5
Q

what is the purpose of the krebs cycle?

A

break off CO2 and form reduced compounds (NADH, FADH2)

6
Q

what are the other names for the krebs cycle?

A

citric acid cycle, TCA (tricarboxylic acid cycle)

7
Q

the krebs cycle is the final step in the oxidation of?

A

fat, carbs and protein

8
Q

the krebs cycle converts macronutrients into?

A

something that can enter the cycle

9
Q

NADH and FADH2 deliver electrons to?

A

the ETC to make ATP

10
Q

How do carbs enter the krebs cycle?

A

after running through glycolysis and prep step; acetyl CoA

11
Q

how do fats enter the krebs cycle?

A

after running through B-oxidation; acetyl CoA

12
Q

how do proteins enter the krebs cycle?

A

each amino acid is unique; acetyl CoA

13
Q

oxidation of fatty acids where a 2 carbon molecule (acetyl CoA) is cleaved off a fatty acid is called?

A

beta oxidation

14
Q

where does the krebs cycle take place?

A

mitochondrial matrix

15
Q

what are pyruvate dehydrogenase complex PDH and a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase 5 coenzymes?

A

thiamine pyrophosphate- TPP
lipoate
CoA- pantothenic acid
flavin adenine dinucleotide- FAD- riboflavin
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide- NAD- niacin

tender loving care of nancy

16
Q

which enzyme is needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl CoA?

A

pyruvate dehydrogenase

17
Q

in the 1st step of the krebs cycle, oxaloacetate combines with H2O and the product is citrate. What enzyme is needed to catalyze this reaction?

A

citrate synthase

18
Q

what enzyme catalyzes the conversion from citrate to isocitrate?

A

aconitase- isomerization step; moving the OH group

19
Q

isocitrate into a-ketoglutarate is what type of reaction and what enzyme is needed?

A

it is a redox reaction and the enzyme is isocitrate dehydrogenase

20
Q

a-ketoglutarate into succinyl CoA needs what enzyme?

A

a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase

21
Q

succinyl CoA into succinate needs what enzyme?

A

succinate thiokinase

22
Q

cleaving the thioester bond of succinyl CoA does what?

A

releases energy- the formation of GTP is coupled to this reaction

23
Q

what is the one reaction in the TCA that directly yields a high energy phosphate molecule?

A

cleaving the thioester bond of succinyl CoA; forms GTP

24
Q

what is the equation of converting GTP into ATP?

A

GTP + ADP -> GDP + ATP; nucleoside diphosphokinase

25
Q

what is the enzyme needed to convert GTP into ATP?

A

nucleoside diphosphokinase

26
Q

which enzyme is partially bound to the inner mitochondrial membrane?

A

succinate dehydrogenase

27
Q

which enzyme is needed to oxidize succinate into fumarate?

A

succinate dehydrogenase

28
Q

what enzyme is needed to convert fumarate into malate? What type of reaction is this?

A

fumerase, it is a hydration reaction because it adds water

29
Q

which enzyme is needed to oxidize malate into oxaloacetate?

A

malate dehydrogenase

30
Q

when you give substrates to the cycle its called?

A

anaplerotic

31
Q

when you take substrate from the cycle its called?

A

cataplerotic