Exam 1 Analgesics (new) Flashcards
(45 cards)
what 4 drugs are used for pain? (opioid agonists)
o fentanyl
o hydromorphone
o morphine
o codeine
opioid indications
o pain
o cough (codeine only)
o diarrhea (S/E of opioids is constipation which will help with diarrhea)
how do opioid works? (MOA)
they activate opioid receptors resulting in decreased pain and decrease CNS function
SE/AE of opioids
o respiratory depression
o constipation
o nausea
o sedation
most common SE/AE of opioids
constipation
opioid BBW
o avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants
o respiratory depression
o risk for abuse and dependency
what opioid antagonists is used to reverse opioid overdose with signs of respiratory depression?
naloxone
- restores normal breathing by blocking the effects of opioid which causes respiratory depression due to difficulty breathing (reverses resp. depression)
what must you assess before and after administering opioids and naloxone?
o assess pain and LOC
o pulse ox (oxygen)
o lung sounds
o respiratory rate
o respiratory depth
what to look out for regarding respiratory depression
o respiratory rate
o respiratory depth
why are opioids produced in combination medications with acetaminophen?
intended to lower the overall opioid used and increase relief
- warning: risk for acetaminophen OD (too much is harmful and this combination puts people at risk)
example of a opioid and acetaminophen combination medication
Vicodin
- hydrocodone (opioid) & acetaminophen
if you suspect a patient to have an addiction, can you withhold pain relief/medication?
no
document and discuss with provider but do not withhold
o pump that is controlled by pt. giving them control of pain and treatment
o gives pt. extra small doses on top of what is administered by healthcare provider
o wont be able to OD on this because pump has a lock system when it detects patient has taken an excessive amount in a short period of time
patient controlled analgesia (PCA)
what drug is used for acute cluster headache and acute migraines?
sumatriptan
what drug class is sumatriptan part of?
serotonin 5-HT agonist
what is the allotted amount of sumatriptan to avoid causing rebound headaches?
o should not be prescribed more than 9x/month
o it is first line agent for acute migraines
o teratogenic
o can cause rebound headaches if taken in excess
o can cause serotonin syndrome if taken with other serotonin medications
sumatriptan
sumatriptan is contraindicated for patients with what?
o cardiac disease
o uncontrolled hypertension
what is sumatriptan OD treated with?
beta-adrenergic antagonist
NSAID
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
what 6 drugs are used for inflammation? (NSAID)
o ibuprofen
o ketorolac
o meloxicam
o naproxen
o indomethacin
o aspirin
what enzyme results in inflammation?
cyclooxygenase
o cox I
o cox II
how does NSAIDs work? (MOA)
inhibit (block) cox 1 & 2
o body from producing stomach protective lining
o which allows acid to break through
o inhibits prostaglandins which cause inflammation
NSAIDs indications
o anti-inflammatory (RA, gout)
o analgesia
o antipyretic
