Exam 1 - Biomechanics Flashcards

Question

Medial

Answer 1

Towards midline of body

Answer 2

Back side of body

Answer 3

Back & lower - away from head

Answer 4

Back & Side

Answer 5

Back & towards midline

Answer 6

Back & upper; toward the head

Answer 7

Face down, palms up | Dorsal side up, ventral side down

Answer 8

Closer to point of attachment

Answer 9

External - closer to outside of body

Answer 10

Upper; towards head

Answer 11

Face up, palms down

Answer 12

Palm of hand & sole of foot

Answer 13

- long cylindrical shaft - wide protruding ends - serve as levers

Answer 14

- small, cube shaped, solid bones | - shock absorption

Answer 15

- curved surface - can be thick or thin - protection

Answer 16

- variety of purposes | - include bones of spine, ischium, pubis, and maxilla

Answer 17

- small bones embedded within the tendon of a musculoskeletal unity that provide protection - called "free-floating" because they don't attach to other bones - improve mechanical advantage of musculotendinous unit

Answer 18

- Articulation of two or more bones - classified by structure or function - enable movement

Answer 19

- joined together by connective tissue - immovable - ex: sacroiliac joint, sternoclavicular

Answer 20

- Joined together by hyaline or fibrocartilage - allows very slight movement - ex: costochondral joints of the ribs, intervertebral discs

Answer 21

- freely moveable - contain a joint capsule - contain synovial fluid - generally, diarthrodial

Answer 22

- immovable | - ex: cranial sutures, socket of a tooth

Answer 23

- slightly moveable 3 types: - syndesmosis: joint held together by strong ligamentous structures - symphysis: joint separated by fibrocartilage pad - synchronosis: joint separated by hyaline cartilage

Answer 24

- freely moveable - contain a joint capsule - joint capsule surrounds the bony ends - contain synovial fluid; lubricator the joint cavity - ex: knee, shoulder

Answer 25

1 degree of freedom

Answer 26

Two degrees of freedom

Answer 27

3 degrees of freedom

Answer 28

- two flat, bony surfaces - butt against each other - permits limited gliding movement - 1 degree of freedom - ex: carpal bones of the wrist

Answer 29

- also called biaxial ball and socket joints - bones permit movement in two planes without rotation (2 degrees of freedom) - ex: wrist between the radius and proximal row of the carpal bones

Answer 30

Also called multiracial ball and socket joint - permits movement in all three planes - ex: hip and shoulder joints

Answer 31

- also called a hinge joint - one plane of motion - wide range of motion within that plane - ex: elbow, knee

Answer 32

- also called a saddle Joint - found only in the thumb - permits ball and socket movement, except for rotation

Answer 33

- can be limited or wide-ranging - some movements are relatively specific to a joint - some movements describe motion at several joints

Answer 34

Lateral movement away from midline of the body

Answer 35

- Lateral movement away from midline of the body | - Frontal plane motion

Answer 36

- Movement medically toward the midline of the trunk | - Front plane motion

Answer 37

- circular movement of a limb that delineates an arc | - combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction

Answer 38

- bending movement of a limb - decrease in joint angle by moving bones together - Sagittal plane

Answer 39

- straightening movement of a limb - increase joint angle by moving bones apart - Sagittal plane

Answer 40

- rotary movement around a longitudinal axis of a bone - movement is away from the midline of the body - transverse plane motion

Answer 41

- Rotary movement around the longitudinal axis of a bone - movement is towards the midline of the body - transverse plane motion

Answer 42

- 600+ muscles - 40-50% total BW - responsible for movement of the body and joints

Answer 43

- muscles within or belonging solely to the body part on which they act - ex: small intrinsic muscles of the hand

Answer 44

- muscles that arise or originate outside of the body part on which they act - ex: forearm muscles that attach to distal end of humerus and insert on the fingers

Answer 45

- the specific movement of the joint resulting from a concentric (shortening) contraction of a muscle which crosses the Joint - ex: the biceps brachii the action of flexion at the elbow - action of a joint is caused by a group of muscles working together - a particular muscle may cause more than one action either at the same joint or a different joint

Answer 46

- the segment of the nervous system defined as being responsible for providing a stimulus to muscle fibers within a specific muscle or portion of the muscle - a particular muscle may be innervated by more than one nerve - a particular nerve may innervate more than one muscle

Answer 47

- least moveable part | - part that attaches closes the midline/center of body

Answer 48

- most moveable | - usually the part that attaches farthest from midline/center of the body

Answer 49

- Tension is developed within the muscle, but the joint angle remains constant - static contractions

Answer 50

- involve the muscle developing tension to either cause or control joint movement - dynamic contraction: causes joint angle to change

Answer 51

- muscle develop tension as it shortens - occurs when muscle develops enough force to overcome applied resistance - can be though of as causing movement against gravity or resistance - POSITIVE CONTRACTION - joint angle being changed in direction of applied muscular force

Answer 52

- involved the muscle lengthening under tension - occurs when the muscle gradually lessens in tension to control the descent of the resistance - control movement with gravity or resistance - NEGATIVE CONTRACTIONS - results in a change in the joint angle in the direction of the resistance or external force

Answer 53

- muscles that, when contracting concentrically, cause joint motion through a specified plane of motion - prime movers

Answer 54

- muscles that are usually located on the opposite side of the joint from the agonist - have opposite concentric action - known as contralateral muscles - work in cooperation with agonistic muscles by relaxing and allowing movement

Answer 55

- muscles that surround the joint or body part - contact to fixate or stabilize the area to enable another limb or body to exert force or move - proximal stability leads to distal mobility

Answer 56

- muscles that assist in action of agonists - not necessarily the prime movers for the action - guiding muscles - assist in refining movement

Exam 1 - Biomechanics Flashcards

(84 cards)