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Kinesiology > Exam 1 - The Knee. > Flashcards

Exam 1 - The Knee. Flashcards

(38 cards)

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1
Q

Knee

A
  • Largest joint in body
  • Structure: synovial
  • Function: diarthrodial
    Needs to provide
  • stability
  • mobility
  • shock absorption
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2
Q

Bones

A 
Femur
Tibia
Fibula 
Patella 
   - sesamoid bone
   - knee cap
   - embedded in quad tendon 
   - increases force of the quad muscles
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3
Q

Joints

A

–

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4
Q

Tibiofemoral

A

“knee” - synovial and diarthrodial

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5
Q

Patellofemoral

A

“hinge” flexion and extension & some internal and external rotation

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6
Q

Ligaments

A

–

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7
Q

Medial collateral ligament

A

Medial knee
Femur to tibia
Thick and wide
Protects against lateral blows

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8
Q

Lateral collateral ligament

A

Lateral
Femur to fibula
Thin & narrow
Protects against medial blows

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9
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament

A

Femur to anterior tibia

Protects against excessive anterior tibial movement

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10
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

Femur to posterior tibia

Protects against excessive posterior tibial movement

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11
Q

Medial patellofemoral ligament

A

Patella to medial femoral condyle
Helps stabilize patella
If ruptured, may lead to dislocation

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12
Q

Movements

A

–

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13
Q

Flexion

A

155 degree

Sagittal plane

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14
Q

Extension

A

0 to 20 degrees

Sagittal plane

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15
Q

Rotation

A
  • Transverse plane

- named by tibia

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16
Q

Muscles

17
Q

Extensors

18
Q

Rectus femoris

Study These Flashcards
A
  • part of quadriceps
  • PA: illic spine
  • DA: tibial tuberosity
  • A: extends the knee
19
Q

Vastus lateralis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • part of quadriceps
  • PA: lateral femur
  • DA: tibial tuberosity
  • A: knee extension
20
Q

Vastus medialis

Study These Flashcards
A
  • part of quadriceps
  • PA: medial femur
  • DA: tibial tuberosity
  • A: knee ext
21
Q

Vastus intermedius

Study These Flashcards
A
  • part of quadriceps
  • PA: femur
  • DA: tibial tuberosity
  • A: knee extension
22
Q

Flexors

Study These Flashcards
A
  • hamstrings

- popliteus

23
Q

Biceps femoris

Study These Flashcards
A
  • part of hamstrings
  • PA: ischial tuberosity
  • DA: lateral condyle of tibia & head of fibula
  • A: knee flexion
24
Q

Semimembranosus

Study These Flashcards
A
  • part of hamstrings
  • PA: ischial tuberosity
  • DA: proximal medial tibia
  • A: knee flexion
25
Semitendinosus
- part of hamstrings - PA: ischial tuberosity - DA: proximal medial tibia - A: knee flexion
26
Popliteus
- part of flexors - PA: posterior lateral femur - DA: medial tibia - A: knee internal rotation & flexion
27
External rotation
- tibia externally rotates on the femur - happens when knee extends - due to shapes of bones and meniscus - screw home mechanism
28
Internal rotation
- popliteus unlocks the knee & internally rotates
29
Injuries
--
30
MCL Sprain
``` - can be minor or major MOI: lateral stress/force to knee, usually weight bearing SYMPTOMS: - pain on inner side of knee - knee "giving out" - may feel pop TEST: - medial ligamentous stress test REHAB: - bracing, ROM, strength SURGERY: - rare ```
31
Terrible Triad
ACL MCL Medial meniscus
32
Osteoarthritis
MOI: insidious onset caused by breakdown/loss of joint cartilage - hands, feet, spine, and weight bearing joints Cause: - associated with aging Primary & secondary OA: - obesity, trauma, surgery, diabetes SIGNS: - pain and stiffness in Joint - usually affects medial knee compartment REHAB: - ROM & strengthening
33
IT Band Syndrome
- pain 2nd proximally to lateral joint line
34
Total knee replacement
- preferred surgery for end stage OA - 300,000/year in US - may replace medial compartment only - REHAB: ROM and strengthening - 6 months - year complete rehab - unable to kneel or squat
35
Patellofemoral pain syndrome
MOI: usually repetitive stressful activity of the knee, maltracking of patella SIGNS: - retropatellar or peripatellar ETIOLOGY - multifactorial, biomechanjc REHAB - quad strengthening, hamstring, IT Band, calf stretching
36
Q angle
Large Q angle may be predisposing factor for developing patellofemoral pain - increased incidence in females
37
Patellar tendinitis/otis
MOI -sports and activity involving frequent jumping "jumpers knee" SIGNS - pain below patella to insertion of patellar tendon ITIS: inflammation OTIS: degeneration ``` TREATMENT: - modify activity, stretch/strengthen quads - patella strip band SURGERY - pain - 6-12 month recovery - 24% no improvement ```
38
Osgood - Schlatter Disease
``` MOI - running or jumping activity during rapid bone growth - high frequency in athletes SIGNS - pain, swelling, tenderness in tibial tuberosity SEVERE CASES - patellar tendon may rupture REHAB - quad stretching - activity modification ``` - usually resolves after growth spurt

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