Exam 1 - Canine Anesthesia

Question 1

What is a number I on the ASA status scale?

Answer 1

Normal healthy patient

Question 2

What is a number II on the ASA status scale?

Answer 2

Patient with mild systemic disease

Question 3

What is a number III on the ASA status scale?

Answer 3

Patient with severe systemic disease

Question 4

What is a number IV on the ASA status scale?

Answer 4

Patient with severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life

Question 5

What is a number V on the ASA status scale?

Answer 5

Patient with severe systemic disease that is not expected to survive

Question 6

What are the premedications we use dogs?

Answer 6

Hydromorphone and dexmedetomidine

Question 7

What type of drug is hydromorphone?

Answer 7

opiod, pure mu agonist

Question 8

What effects does hydromorphone have?

Answer 8

potent analgesia/sedation/euphoria

Question 9

What is the duration of hydromorphone?

Answer 9

2-4 hours duration

Question 10

What side effects does hydromorphone have?

Answer 10

Respiratory depression, decreased heart rate, GI stasis/constipation, urinary retention, dysphoria, frequently causes vomiting and defecation post administration

Question 11

Is hydromorphone reversible?

Answer 11

yes

Question 12

Does hydromorphone have a direct effect on contractility or vascular tone (cardioprotective)?

Answer 12

no it has no direct effect

Question 13

What type of drug is dexmedetomidine?

Answer 13

alpha 2 agonist

Question 14

What are the initial effects of dexmedetomidine?

Answer 14

hypertension with reflex bradycardia

Question 15

What are the later effects of dexmedetomidine?

Answer 15

hypotension with reflex bradycardia and vasodilation

Question 16

What is the rate of onset and duration of action of dexmedetomidine?

Answer 16

Quick onset (2-10 minutes) and duration of action is 30-60 minutes

Question 17

Does dexmedetomidine provide any analgesia?

Answer 17

yes, it provides some

Question 18

How does dexmedetomidine affect urine production?

Answer 18

it causes increased urine production

Question 19

Is dexmedetomidine reversible?

Answer 19

yes, with atipamezole

Question 20

In order to prevent side effects, what should be done when you give dexmedetomidine?

Answer 20

reduce the dose or avoid in pediatrics

Question 21

What is propofol used for?

Answer 21

it is an induction agent

Question 22

What type of drug is propofol?

Answer 22

GABA agonist, NMDA antagonist

Question 23

What is the duration of propofol?

Answer 23

5-10 minute duration

Question 24

What vascular effects does propofol have?

Answer 24

vasodilation

Question 25

What effects does propofol have on the heart?

Answer 25

decreased cardiac contractility thus decreased BP

Question 26

What is a possible side effect of propofol, especially if it is given too quickly?

Answer 26

apnea

Question 27

What dose should you titrate propofol at?

Answer 27

1 mg/kg increments

Question 28

What local blocks can be used in dogs?

Answer 28

lidocaine and bupivicaine

Question 29

Which local block should never be given IV?

Answer 29

bupivicaine

Question 30

What type of drug is lidocaine (MOA)?

Answer 30

sodium channel blocker

Question 31

What is the rate of onset and duration of lidocaine?

Answer 31

rapid onset, 1-2 hour duration

Question 32

When is lidocaine used in junior surgery?

Answer 32

It is used intratesticularly for castrations

Question 33

What type of drug is bupivicaine (MOA)?

Answer 33

Sodium channel blocker

Question 34

What is the rate of onset and duration of bupivicaine?

Answer 34

slower onset (20-30 minutes) and duration is longer (3-5 hours)

Question 35

What is bupivicaine used for in junior surgery?

Answer 35

incisional block for spays

Question 36

What is the ideal catheter size for a dog that is less than 7 kg?

Answer 36

22 gauge

Question 37

What is the ideal catheter size for a dog that is greater than 7 kg?

Answer 37

20 gauge

Question 38

Big dogs and big veins means that the vein is likely to do what?

Answer 38

roll

Question 39

What breeds have very challenging veins?

Answer 39

chondrodysplastic breeds

Question 40

When in doubt, what should you use during catheter placement for safety?

Answer 40

a muzzle

Question 41

What is the limit of attempts per leg in a dog?

Answer 41

2 attempts

Question 42

Why is the brachycephalic breed the anesthetists nightmare?

Answer 42

Airway obstruction is a risk pre and post-op They are often chondrodysplastic so difficult veins They have a hypoplastic trachea

Question 43

What are tips for managing a brachycephalic patient?

Answer 43

Pre-oxygenate prior to induction Induce and intubate rapidly Maintain ET tube as long as possible in recovery Maintain IV catheter and have induction agent ready in recovery Monitor SpO2 after extubation

Question 44

How long should a patients ET tube be cuffed?

Answer 44

until the patient is swallowing

Question 45

What are common reactions associated with rapid recoveries?

Answer 45

dysphoria, disorientation, and aggression

Question 46

How long should you maintain the catheter?

Answer 46

until the patient is awake and stable

Question 47

Does a dog or a cat typically have a longer recovery?

Answer 47

a dog

Question 48

What breeds are 'risky' breeds during anesthesia?

Answer 48

boxers, sight hounds, giant breeds, cavalier, older small breeds, and bulldogs

Question 49

Why are boxers risky breeds?

Answer 49

heart disease, airway compromise

Question 50

Why are sight hounds risky breeds?

Answer 50

slow drug metabolism, prolonged recovery

Question 51

Why are giant breeds risky breeds?

Answer 51

heart disease, middle aged, decreased drug dosage

Question 52

Why are cavaliers risky breeds?

Answer 52

heart disease

Question 53

Why are older small breeds risky breeds?

Answer 53

heart and lungs

Question 54

Why are bulldogs risky breeds?

Answer 54

everything about them

Question 55

What type of drug is ephedrine?

Answer 55

a sympathomimetic - stimulates the release of norepinephrine

Question 56

When is ephedrine used?

Answer 56

It is used in anesthesia to vasoconstrict and increase BP, however it may also increase HR and sympathetic tone may see dysrhythmias