EXAM #1: CH. 1, 2, 4, 5

Question 1

action sports that involve adrenaline-inducing exploits and often feature a combination of speed, height, danger, and spectacular stunts

Answer 1

extreme sports

Question 2

money left over after necessary expenditures (rent, food, car payment, insurance) have been made

Answer 2

discretionary funds

Question 3

people who traditionally have not been hired in sport management positions (women, people of color, people with disabilities, aboriginal people)

Answer 3

underrepresented groups

Question 4

people of different ages, genders, religions, physical abilities, social classes, sexual orientations, races, ethnicities, and cultures working together in an organization

Answer 4

workforce diversity

Question 5

workplace values, norms, and behaviors that produce patterns of behavior unique to an organization

Answer 5

organizational culture

Question 6

concerns about the way the world should or ought to be

Answer 6

prescriptive

Question 7

concerns about the way the world is, was, or will be

Answer 7

descriptive

Question 8

basing decisions on the six pillars of character: trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring, and good citizenship (responsible participation in society)

Answer 8

principled decision making

Question 9

opportunities that are typically outside the academic classroom that complement what students learning in school

Answer 9

cocurricular activities

Question 10

a hands-on learning opportunity in which students gain professional experience in an organization, often while receiving class credit

Answer 10

field experience

Question 11

a practice interview in which you can rehearse your responses to questions that interviewers are likely to ask you

Answer 11

mock interview

Question 12

formally communicated rules that govern behavior of group members

Answer 12

explicit norms

Question 13

unstated or informal rules understood and practiced by members of an organization

Answer 13

implicit norms

Question 14

a system of rules and conventions that regulate social and professional behavior

Answer 14

etiquette

Question 15

a set of values based on desirable workplace characteristics that include accountability, dependability, initiative, and accomplishment

Answer 15

work ethic

Question 16

indicators of what you consider most important or desirable

Answer 16

values

Question 17

a person who identifies, organizes, and develops new business ventures

Answer 17

entrepreneur

Question 18

the specialized knowledge or abilities needed to fulfill specific job duties

Answer 18

job content skills

Question 19

general abilities that transfer many jobs or situations

Answer 19

functional skills

Question 20

personal attributes or traits that enable a person to approach changing workplace situations with flexibility

Answer 20

adaptive skills

Question 21

a social entity created to coordinate the efforts of individuals with the intent to achieve goals

Answer 21

organization

Question 22

savings originating from the mass production of goods and services

Answer 22

economies of scale

Question 23

maximization of resources used throughout an organization

Answer 23

economies of scope

Question 24

all elements outside the organization’s boundary that could potentially affect all or part of the organization

Answer 24

environment

Question 25

the extent to which goals are achieved

Answer 25

effectiveness

Question 26

the extent to which goals are achieved using the fewest possible resources

Answer 26

efficiency

Question 27

a pattern of basic assumptions that are invented, discovered, or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration

Answer 27

organizational culture

Question 28

identifies the formal reporting relationships amongst individuals and organizational units, determines the grouping of functions, roles, and departments, and provides designs that enhance communication, coordination, and integration of the work to be achieved within the organization

Answer 28

organizational structure

Question 29

the features and traits of an organization that allow it to achieve its objectives

Answer 29

organizational design

Question 30

the process of working with and through individuals and groups to accomplish organizational goals

Answer 30

management

Question 31

a relationship where an individual, or group of individuals, influence others in an effort to inspire stakeholders to move toward an end goal that depends on alignment with values and a mutually beneficial purpose

Answer 31

leadership

Question 32

theory that recognizes there is no one best way to lead an organization; rather, effective leadership is dependent on the internal and external environment

Answer 32

contingency theory of leadership

Question 33

the culture or condition in which individuals lead their organization or group

Answer 33

leadership context

Question 34

the degree to which strategic management is adopted within an organization

Answer 34

organizational complexity

Question 35

tasks that have never been done before or are accompanied by many unknown factors to be managed

Answer 35

task uncertainty

Question 36

leaders seek employee involvement in project planning and decision making

Answer 36

participative leadership style

Question 37

primarily concerned with the technical or formal aspects of jobs and considering followers primarily as the means for accomplishing the organization's goals

Answer 37

behaviors centered on tasks

Question 38

primarily concerned with interpersonal relations, meeting personal needs of followers, and accommodating personality differences among followers

Answer 38

behaviors centered on emoloyees

Question 39

leader who recognizes a need for change, creates a vision to inspire followers through change, and works through change with followers

Answer 39

transformational leader

Question 40

honest, caring, and principled individuals who make fair and balanced decisions

Answer 40

ethical leaders

Question 41

“the study an practice of all people, activities, businesses, or organizations involved in producing, facilitating, promoting, or organizing any sport-related business or products”

Answer 41

sport management

Question 42

what does the public sector of the sport industry include?

Answer 42

government-based units, agencies, and departments | created by the people and for the people

Question 43

what does the nonprofit sector include?

Answer 43

voluntary organizations whose main purpose is not to make a profit, but to address a social cause, a special interest, and the needs of members

Question 44

what does the commercial sector include?

Answer 44

organizations whose ultimate objective is generating profit

Question 45

What are the four unique aspects of sport management?

Answer 45

sport marketing financial structures career paths social institution

Question 46

the awareness of a set of interrelated questions, the ability to ask and answer questions at appropriate times, and the desire to use those questions and accept their results as a guide to behavior

Answer 46

critical thinking

Question 47

T or F: Opportunities are limited and the field is saturated with applicants.

Answer 47

False

Question 48

T or F: Short-term opportunities are not worthwhile.

Answer 48

False

Question 49

T or F: Opportunities for minorities and females are limited.

Answer 49

False

Question 50

T or F: Job security in the sport industry is low.

Answer 50

False

Question 51

T or F: Sport organizations are not as big as you think.

Answer 51

idk

Question 52

T or F: The sport industry is recession-proof.

Answer 52

idk

Question 53

what is professional preparation? examples?

Answer 53

``` courses and experiences in your undergraduate curriculum and beyond examples: cocurricular activities field activities advanced degrees ```

Question 54

what is a professional attitude?

Answer 54

how to present a professional attitude, follow the fundamentals of business etiquette, and enter the world of work comfortably

Question 55

what is career readiness?

Answer 55

steps you can take to attain and demonstrate the competencies that prepare college graduates for a successful transition into the workplace

Question 56

focuses on the characteristics of the organization and the departments and units that make up the organization

Answer 56

organizational theory

Question 57

Focuses on individuals and small groups within the small groups within the organization and the characteristics of the environment in which they work

Answer 57

organizational behavior

Question 58

what falls under the organizational theory?

Answer 58

``` Environment (external) Effectiveness Structure & design Strategy Change & adaptations ```

Question 59

what falls under organizational behavior?

Answer 59

Environment (internal) Attitudes, values, norms (individual) Culture & climate Human Resource Management

Question 60

what are the internal aspects of the organizational environment?

Answer 60

``` Management Mission Resources System Processes Structure ```

Question 61

what are the external aspects of the organizational environment?

Answer 61

``` Customers Competitors Suppliers Labor pool Shareholders Society Technologies Government Economy ```

Question 62

What is the traditional approach to organizational effectiveness?

Answer 62

Goal Approach Resource-based Approach Internal Process Approach

Question 63

What is the contemporary approach to organizational effectiveness?

Answer 63

Competing Values Approach | Stakeholder Approach

Question 64

an organization's choice to enter into partnerships to exercise power over another organization or its resources

Answer 64

asymmetry

Question 65

the creation of partnerships to achieve common or mutual goals or activities

Answer 65

reciprocity

Question 66

partnerships created to respond to legal obligations or regulations set by another organization (government)

Answer 66

necessity

Question 67

the creation of partnerships to provide credibility or enhance reputation, image, or authority

Answer 67

legitimacy

Question 68

the need for an organization to improve its input-output ratio; partnerships may be created to decrease the cost of raw materials needed for producing goods and services

Answer 68

efficiency

Question 69

the development of partnerships to reduce uncertainty and increase predictability for the organization

Answer 69

stability

Question 70

the number of levels that exist between the top executive in the organization and the lowest positions and units in the hierarchy

Answer 70

vertical complexity

Question 71

the number of units that exist across the organization

Answer 71

horizontal complexity

Question 72

the number of geographical locations in which an organization operates

Answer 72

spatial complexity

Question 73

concerns the division of labor, which is the extent to which tasks and duties are divided into separate roles Division of labor

Answer 73

specialization

Question 74

the amount of written documentation in the organization including items such as job descriptions, policies, procedures, and regulations as well as employee records of performance The extent to which organizations follow rules, regulations, & policies

Answer 74

formalization

Question 75

a high degree of formalization leads to what?

Answer 75

a high degree of standardization

Question 76

refers to the hierarchical levels of individuals in the organization who have authority to make decisions Decision making authority & the distribution of power

Answer 76

centralization

Question 77

What does it mean to be centralized?

Answer 77

Top down Limited lower level participation Senior managers make decisions Autocratic & hierarchical decision-making

Question 78

what does it mean to be decentralized?

Answer 78

Bottom up Lower level participation Senior managers coordinate decisions Democratic & participative decision-making

Question 79

considers pay and working conditions to the most important factors increasing a worker's performance

Answer 79

scientific management approach

Question 80

managers' concern for workers leads to higher rates of job satisfaction, which results in better performance and higher productivity

Answer 80

human relations management approach

Question 81

focuses on managing the organization as an entity

Answer 81

process (administrative) management approach

Question 82

help to identify the root cause of problems rather than simply stating the symptoms of an issue

Answer 82

conceptual skills

Question 83

help in leading, motivating, and developing cohesion among employees

Answer 83

human relations skills

Question 84

directly associated with everyday tasks on the job

Answer 84

technical skills

Question 85

implies an exchange between leaders and followers whereby they agree on the types performances that will lead to reward or punishment for followers

Answer 85

transactional leadership style

Question 86

leaders attempt to be clear about their expectations of followers

Answer 86

contingent reward

Question 87

leaders keep track of followers' performances. when followers make mistakes, the leaders take corrective action

Answer 87

active management by exception

Question 88

no monitoring of followers' performances. wait passively and make corrections only when mistakes occur

Answer 88

passive management

Question 89

people are extremely passive in this style and avoid all forms of leadership. they neither monitor nor correct their followers

Answer 89

nontransactional (laissez-faire) leadership style

Question 90

practicing the four Is: idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation, and individualized consideration raise followers' consciousness about the importance of outcomes and explain how followers can reach those outcomes by placing organizational interests ahead of self-interests

Answer 90

transformational leadership style

Question 91

comes from the leadership or management position that a person holds in the hierarchy

Answer 91

legitimate power

Question 92

the person in the organization who provides rewards to employees has power

Answer 92

reward power

Question 93

the person in the organization who provides sanctions, punishments, or threats to employees has this type of power

Answer 93

coercive power

Question 94

stems from charisma, charm, and appeal; based on people's perception of the person with power because of personality characteristics, respect, and admiration

Answer 94

referent power

Question 95

based on knowledge and skills that are perceived as valuable in a situation

Answer 95

expert power

Question 96

similar to expert power, but the person with the power has access to information

Answer 96

informational power

Question 97

organizations that do not recognize the benefits associated diversity or use inclusive practices

Answer 97

noncompliant organizations

Question 98

organizations that adhere to state and federal guidelines related to diversity to avoid legal issues, but they fail to recognize the benefits of inclusive management of diversity

Answer 98

compliant organizations

Question 99

organizations that recognize that diversity can lead to positive organizational outcomes and they make efforts to create a diverse workforce

Answer 99

reactive organizations