Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Zoology > Exam 1: Ch 1-4 > Flashcards

Exam 1: Ch 1-4 Flashcards

(84 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Zoology

A

Study of animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Endangered species

A

A species in imminent danger of extinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Threatened species

A

A species that is likely to become endangered in the near future

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Metaphysical naturalism

A

Only laws of nature and the forces and materials of the natural world exist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Methodological naturalism

A

Agnostic towards materials or forces that might exist outside of the natural world

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does metaphysical naturalism and methodological natural relate to working as a Christian in the field of zoology?

A

It recognizes the limits of science in the pursuit of truth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain species radiation of cichlid fish

A

Species radiation is a process in which organisms diversify from the original species into other forms especially a change in new environments. For example, color patterns of some cichlids are explained by isolation among rock piles that are separated by expanses of sandy botton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Why are animals distributed geographically as they are?

A

They would share a common geographical space and are more likely to share a common set of genes. Like the cichlid fish are more closely related in Lake Taganyika

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Why do cichlid fish live in a group of East African lakes and rivers but not in Western of Southern Africa?

A

Because these lakes provide no outlet for the fish to migrate to other lakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Classification groupings of taxonomy

A 
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order 
Family
Genus
Species
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the use of taxa for organizing animals into a system useful to zoologists

A

The classification system helps zoologists see how species are related to one another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Composition of a species name

A

Genus and species name

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which is more closely related? A horsefly to a housefly or a cichlid to a human? And how are these relationships reflected in the classification system?

A

Houseflies to a horsefly are more closely related because they share the same order. While humans and cichlids are farther away because they are only related by phylum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Using the example of cichlid fish of Africa to provide an example of the importance of an ecological perspective in the study of zoology, what has been the effect of introducing the Nile Perch on Lake Victoria’s cichlid population? (At least 2 ways)

A

Cichlids reduced from 99% to 1% bc they ended up being prey to the Nile Perch
With the depletion of cichlids=algae bloom in the rivers bc reduced grazing of cichlids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Using the example of cichlid fish of Africa to provide an example of the importance of an ecological perspective in the study of zoology, how have the events associated with introduction of the Nile Perch directly or indirectly influenced water quality in Lake Victoria? (At least 2 ways)

A

Cutting timber to smoke fish adds to deforestation around lakes and rivers
Deforestation promotes erosion and runoff to Lake Victoria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the different ecological problems attributable to the average person living in a wealthy country and the average person living in a poor non-industrialized country?

A

Global overpopulation is the root of virtually all other environmental problems and it’s stressing world resources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Without a membrane bound nucleus and lacking most organelles

Includes bacteria and an ancient group called Archaea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Have membrane bound nucleus
Plus specialized organelles
Includes all the organisms we see around us

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Organelles

A

Membrane bound structure found within a cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the structure of a plasma (cell membrane)?

A

The outer bilayered boundary of the cell;composed of protein, cholesterol, and phospholipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the functions of the plasma (cell membrane)?

A

Protection and regulates what goes in and out of the cell and organizes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Functions and structure of a cytoplasm

A

Function- Dissolves substances; houses organelles and vesicles
Structure- portion outside the nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Functions Chromosome

A

Controls heredity and cellular activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Structure and function of Golgi apparatus

A

Structure- stacks of disk like membranes

Function- sorts, packages, and routes cell’s synthesized products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Function of lysosomes
Digests materials
26
Function of Mitochondrion
Converts energy intro a form the cell can use
27
Function of nucleus
Obtains DNA that controls cell's genetic program and metabolic activities
28
Function of ribosome
Set of protein synthesis
29
Structure and function of vehicle
Structure- small, membrane-surrounded sac; contains enzymes of secretory products Function- site of i travel lunar digestion, storage, or transport
30
Diffusion
No energy needed. Molecules move from higher concentration to lower concentration to create equilibrium
31
Osmosis
Water molecules diffuse across selectively permeable membranes from higher concentration to lower concentration
32
Active transport
Specific carrier proteins in plasma membrane bind w molecules/ions to help move across membrane AGAINST a concentration gradient
33
Endocytosis
Bulk movement of material into a cell by the formation of a vesicle
34
Exocytosie
Bulk movement out of a cell
35
Chromatin
DNA and histone proteins present at all times in the cell cycle; carry genetic info
36
Gametes
Sex cells; the mature haploid cells that function in sexual reproduction
37
Meiosisu
The production of gametes
38
Mitosis
Division of the nucleus
39
Sex chromosomes
Chromosomes that are represented differently in females than in males and function in sex determination
40
Zygote
The diploid (2n) cells produced by the fusion of egg and a sperm cell
41
Number of daughter cells produced in mitosis and meiosis
Mitosis: 2 identical Meiosis: 4 different
42
Chromosome composition daughter cells in comparison to parent cell
Mitosis: Full set of chromosomes (2n) Meiosis: 23 chromosomes (1n)
43
Where the process occurs
Mitosis: process occurs in nucleus of the cell and in body cell (no sex) Meiosis: process occurs in ovaries and tested and nucleus
44
Role of the process in animals
Mitosis: helps organism grow and repair Meiosis: helps in gamete reproduction
45
Structure and function of DNA
Structure- spiral bound staircase made up of nucleotides | Function- genetic material
46
Nucleotide
Stucture-composed of a sugar with cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine Function-basic building block of DNA; makes up the DNA
47
RNA function
Participates in protein synthesis
48
DNA replication function
Makes a new strand of DNA from the original DNA strand/ occurs in order to prepare for cell division
49
Transcription
Production of an mRNA molecule from the DNA template
50
Translation
The production of a protein from mRNA at the ribosome
51
Point mutation
Changes in nucleotide sequences
52
Nondisjuction
When a homologous pair fails to segregate during meiosis 1 or when chromatids fail to separate at meiosis 2
53
ATGC
TACG
54
Gene
Sequence of bases in DNA that codes for a given polypeptide
55
Allele
Alternate forms of a gene found at the same locus
56
Genotype
Collection of genes carried in your DNA
57
Phenotype
The expression of your genes
58
Evolution
See both scientific sides and religious sides
59
Adaptive radiation
Species radiate from the original one like the cichlids
60
Adaptation
Any phenotypic change in an animal that increases the animal's chance of successful reproduction
61
Homologous structure
Provide evidence of evolution from a common ancestor
62
Analogous structure
Different species having the same function but evolved differently and don't have a common ancestor
63
Convergent evolution
Similar niches may be filled by animals that appear alike but are unrelated
64
Four factors that drive natural selection
High reproductive potential Inherited variations exist Selection against less fit AdAptive resists are perpetuated
65
How can the popular conception of "survival of the fittest" be misleading?
There is little evidence that competition has been the driving force in evolution
66
How can adaptive radiation be reversed,?
When the barrier between two species has been broken and one of the species can swamp the others' genes reproducing less of one species
67
Microevolution
Change in frequency of alleles in populations over time (short term)
68
Macro evolution
Large-scale changes that result in extinction and the formation of new species
69
Biogeography
Study of geographic distribution of plants and animals and why they are distributed as they are
70
Paleontology
Study of fossil record; most direct evidence of evolution
71
Homologous
Vestigial structures have no apparent function in modern animals but appear to have evolved from functioning structures in ancestors
72
Molecular biology
Study of structure and function of genes
73
Developmental patterns
Related animals often retain common features because changes in genes controlling development are harmful and usually eliminated
74
Directional selection
An extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotype causing allele frequency to shift to that phenotype over time
75
Stabilizing selections
Reduces phenotype variation and maintains the status quo
76
Disruptive selection
Cause organisms w intermediate traits to reproduce less and those w extreme traits to reproduce more causing two diff species as time goes by
77
Radiometric dating
Radioactive technique that is used for dating on rocks or carbon to measure how long ago the object had decayed
78
Founder effect
When a few individuals from a parental population establish a new population they seldom carry a rep sample from the gene pool Ex Pennsylvania dunkers
79
Bottleneck effect
near extinction events reduce populations and eliminate many alleles. Recovery of the population results in a population w very low genetic diversity Ex northern elephant seals
80
Species
Group of populations in which genes are exchanged through interbreeding
81
Problems with species def
Reproduction criterion is difficult to test | Excludes asexual organisms and fossils
82
Allopatric speciation
Results from geographic isolation
83
Sympathetic speciation
Requires some other form of isolation acting within a geographic area
84
Zoologists accept sympatric or allopatric more?
Allopatric

Zoology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions