Exam 1 Ch 2- Basic Physics Primer

Question 1

physics-

Answer 1

study of interactions of matter & energy in all of their diverse forms

Question 2

physicist try to remove-

Answer 2

subjectivity from observation

Question 3

physics fields of study (6)-

Answer 3

-thermodynamics
-optics
-acoustics
-mechanics
-electromagnetics
-atomic & nuclear physics

Question 4

radiographic physics primarily concerned w:-

Answer 4

mechanics (matter in motion) & electromagnetic

Question 5

standard units of measurement-

Answer 5

-different types of quantities in any measuring system
-base quantities
-derived quantities
-special quantities

Question 6

base quantities-

Answer 6

-decided on by that system
-building blocks of all other quantities (length, mass, & time)

Question 7

derived quantities-

Answer 7

-secondary quantity
-derived from a combo. of one or more of the 3 basic quantities
-volume (l^3)
-density (m/l^3)
-velocity (l/t)

Question 8

special quantities-

Answer 8

-additional quantities designed ti support measurement in specialized areas of technology & sciences
-derived quantities specific to a field
-exposure dose
-effective dose
-radioactivity

Question 9

2 parts for every measurement of system of units-

Answer 9

magnitude & unit

Question 10

4 systems of units-

Answer 10

-SI Unit
-MSK
-CGS
-British

Question 11

SI units-

Answer 11

meter, kilogram, & second

Question 12

MSK-

Answer 12

meter, kilogram, & second

Question 13

CGS-

Answer 13

centimeter, gram, & second

Question 14

British-

Answer 14

foot, pound, & second

Question 15

when units are in derived quantities, they are-

Answer 15

improper

Question 16

mechanisms-

Answer 16

segment of physics that deals w: object at rest & in motion

Question 17

objects at rest-

Answer 17

static

Question 18

objects in motion-

Answer 18

dynamic

Question 19

vectors-

Answer 19

quantity w: both magnitude & direction

Question 20

scalars-

Answer 20

quantity only

Question 21

motion is described by-

Answer 21

-velocity (v = d/t)
-acceleration- (a = vf - vo)/t)

Question 22

velocity-

Answer 22

-speed
-how fast something is moving
-rate of change of its possession w: time

Question 23

acceleration-

Answer 23

-rate of change of its velocity w: time
-how quickly/slowly velocity is changing

Question 24

Newton’s 1st law of motion-

Answer 24

-inertia
-body will remain at rest w: constant velocity in straight line unless acted on by external force

Question 25

Newton's 2nd law of motion-

Answer 25

-force -force that acts on an obj. is equal to mass of an obj. multiplied by acceleration is produced

Question 26

Newton's 3rd law of motion-

Answer 26

-action/reaction -for every action, there is an equal & opposite reaction

Question 27

weight-

Answer 27

-Wt = mg -force on a body caused by the pull of gravity on it

Question 28

acceleration due to gravity-

Answer 28

-SI Units- 9.8 m/s^2 -British- 32 ft/s^2 -objs. that fall to earth accelerate at constant rate

Question 29

momentum-

Answer 29

-p = mv -product of mass & its velocity -greater velocity, more momentum obj. possesses

Question 30

work-

Answer 30

-w = Fd -product of force & distance

Question 31

power-

Answer 31

-P = work/t = Fd/t -rate of doing work -quotient of work by time

Question 32

british unit of power-

Answer 32

horsepower (Hp)

Question 33

SI unit for power-

Answer 33

watt (W)

Question 34

energy-

Answer 34

-may be transformed from one form to another, but cannot be created or destroyed -ability to do work

Question 35

kinetic energy-

Answer 35

-KE = 1/2mv^2 -energy associated w: motion of an obj. -depends on mass of an obj. & on the square of its velocity

Question 36

potential energy-

Answer 36

-PE = mgh -stored energy of position to configuration

Question 37

calorie-

Answer 37

heat necessary to raise temperature of 1 g of water by 1*C

Question 38

heat-

Answer 38

kinetic energy of random motion of molecules

Question 39

heat transferred from one location to another by-

Answer 39

-conduction -convection -radiation

Question 40

conduction-

Answer 40

transfer of heat through a material or by touching

Question 41

molecular motion from a high-temp. obj. that touches a low-temp. obj.-

Answer 41

equalizes the temp. of both

Question 42

convection-

Answer 42

mechanical transfer of "hot" molecules in a gas or liquid from one place to another

Question 43

radiation-

Answer 43

thermal-transfer of heat by emission of infrared radiation

Question 44

thermal radiation-

Answer 44

transfer of heat by emission of infrared radiation

Question 45

temperature-

Answer 45

measured w: a thermometer

Question 46

2 reference points of temperature-

Answer 46

freezing & boiling point of water

Question 47

2 reference points of temperature-

Answer 47

freezing & boiling point of water

Question 47

2 reference points of temperature-

Answer 47

freezing & boiling point of water

Question 47

2 reference points of temperature-

Answer 47

freezing & boiling point of water

Question 48

measure temperature by-

Answer 48

-celsius -fahrenheight -kelvin