Exam 1 Ch.4

Question 1

What are the four domains of sex differences

Answer 1

1. math
2. spatial abilities
3. verbal
4. aggression

Question 2

What was the problem with the sex differences by Maccoby and Jacklin

Answer 2

It was narrative and doesn’t take in the size of the differences

Question 3

What provides a way to quantitatively review studies, taking in consideration sample size and effect sizes

Answer 3

Metanalyses

Question 4

Certain variables that influence the size of sex differences in metanalyses

Answer 4

Moderator variable

Question 5

What is a disadvantage of narrative and met analytic reviews?

Answer 5

Studies finding no differences are less likely to be published, a weakness that is known as the file-drawer problem

Question 6

The direction and magnitude of sex differences in spatial abilities depend on

Answer 6

the specific task

Question 7

Whats the biggest difference in spatial abilities, and in what gender?

Answer 7

Mental Rotation, men

Question 8

What age group is sex differences more prominent in ____ than ____

Answer 8

older, younger

Question 9

What sex difference doesn’t change over time?

Answer 9

Spatial Skills

Question 10

What domain does women have better spatial skills?

Answer 10

Object Location

Question 11

Sex differences in math for the general population range between zero, small, moderate, large, extra large, and increasing or decreasing over time

Answer 11

small and zero, decreasing

Question 12

Who performs better in school and why?

Answer 12

Females, because of orientation towards school work

Question 13

Why are sex differences in math ability among the highly talented are substantial why?

Answer 13

These differences may relate to men’s advantage in spatial skills, in particular mental rotation

Question 14

What is difference in verbal, favoring who?

Answer 14

small, females

Question 15

What determines the size of difference in verbal ability and what is large?

Answer 15

on specific verbal, large in case of writing

Question 16

What is a reason for differences in verbal ability?

Answer 16

a larger proportion of males than females have verbal difficulties

Question 17

Gender and Cognitive Domains

Answer 17

males scores are more variable than female scores

Question 18

What is one way cognitive sex comparisons have been captured

Answer 18

Women are better at tasks that involve verbal abilities and diffuse attentions, whereas men are better at tasks that require rotating objects and focused attention

Question 19

Sex Difference in empathy

Answer 19

Favors females effect size is dependent on how empathy is measured, with larger differences appearing on self-report measures and small differences on observational and behavioral

Question 20

Sex differences in help

Answer 20

Men are more likely to help than women, but danger is a factor, and women help more in relationships

Question 21

Victims and perps of aggression

Answer 21

Men

Question 22

Sex differences in aggression

Answer 22

Male more than female are smaller under conditions of provocation and very low or high arousal

Question 23

Sex differences in sex

Answer 23

Males are more provocative, more casual sex, partners, masturbation women are more favorable towards homosexuality

Question 24

Sex differences in personality traits

Answer 24

Larger in more egalitarian cultures where behavior is strongly related to traits

Question 25

Whats important in domains of social behavior?

Answer 25

Moderator

Question 26

Sex differences and self-report

Answer 26

men and women try to behave in ways that fit their gender roles, larger under public conditions

Question 27

Kohlberg criticisms

Answer 27

excluding women during its creation, women therefore appeared morally inferior

Question 28

Eriksons theory

Answer 28

identity precedes achievement

Question 29

Process of noticing information that confirms teletypes and disregarding information that disconfirms stereotypes

Answer 29

Confirmatory hypothesis testing

Question 30

Evidence that scientific instrument measures what it was intended to measure

Answer 30

Construct Validity

Question 31

Size of a difference that has been found in a study

Answer 31

Effect Size

Question 32

Ability to experience the same emotion as another person or feel sympathy or compassion for another person

Answer 32

Empathy

Question 33

Difficulty encountered when compiling a review of scientific literature because studies showing null results are unlikely to be published

Answer 33

File Drawer Problem

Question 34

Concern on the part of girls and boys with adherence to gender roles:applies to adolescence

Answer 34

Gender Intensification

Question 35

Statistical tool that quantifies the results of group studies

Answer 35

Meta-analyses

Question 36

Variable that alters the relation between the independent variable and dependent variable

Answer 36

Moderating variable

Question 37

Moral reasoning that emphasizes connections separation from others, rights, rules, and standards of justice

Answer 37

Morality of Rights (Justice Orientation)

Question 38

Review of scientific literature in which the authors reach their own conclusions about whether the majority of studies provide evidence for or against the topic of the review (e.g. sex differences)

Answer 38

Narrative Review