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Microbiology Midterm > Exam 1- characterization of bacteria > Flashcards

Exam 1- characterization of bacteria Flashcards

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1
Q

what is morphology characterization?

A

cell shape, arrangement, staining, pigments, and spores

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2
Q

What is metabolism characterization?

A

carbon and nitrogen sources, energy source, byproducts, and ABO sensitivity

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3
Q

What is habitat characterization?

A

Temperature, pH, osmotic pressure, oxygen tolerance, atmospheric pressure

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4
Q

what is molecular characterization?

A

how much guanine and cytosine content is present, and 16s RNA-stays stable overtime

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5
Q

what is taxonomy?

A

how was characterize organisms individually

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6
Q

what is nomenclature?

A

naming organisms

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7
Q

what is binomial nomenclature?

A

(Genus, Species,-italicized or underlined) (stain -0157:H7)

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8
Q

3 domains of life:

A

Eukarya- animals, fungi, plants
bacteria- bacteria, chloroplasts, mitochondrion
archaea -methanogens, hyperthermophiles

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9
Q

taxonomy:

A

Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

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10
Q

diplococci

A

2 cocci

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11
Q

streptococci

A

string of many cocci

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12
Q

tetrad

A

4 cocci

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13
Q

sarcinae

A

cube of 8 cocci

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14
Q

staphlococci

A

cluster of many cocci

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15
Q

diplobacilli

A

2 bacilli

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16
Q

streptobacilli

A

string of many bacilli

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17
Q

coccobacillus

A

irregular shaped cocci/bacilli

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18
Q

vibrio

A

1/2 spiral

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19
Q

spirillum

A

corkscrew spiral

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20
Q

spirochete

A

tight/thin spiral

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21
Q

filamentous

A

long thin cell

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22
Q

what cells do not have a phospholipid bilayer?

A

archea

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23
Q

what does a phospholipid bilayer consist of?

A

2 fatty acids
1 phosphate
glycerol (3- carbon chain)

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24
Q

what is the purpose of a phospholipid bilayer?

A

to separate two environments, a barrier

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25
gram positive characterization:
inner membrane, thick peptidoglycan
26
gram negative characterization:
inner and outer membrane, lipopolysaccharide + protein, periplasm surrounding the small cell wall; peptidoglycan
27
why are spores produced in bacteria?
for dormancy-resist pH, temperatures, and radiation
28
vegetative cell:
actively dividing and metabolising
29
sporulating cell
forming a spore in the cell
30
mature spore
spore is released (dna is in the spore), rest of cell degenerates
31
germination
when a mature spore decides it's time to divide and go back to a vegetative cell
32
sporulation
when an environment is suboptible-temp, pH, high salt, radiation, a cell produced spores to withstand it and become dormant
33
what triggers sporulation?
population density
34
sporulation efficiency
10-40% of cells produce spores
35
types of spore position:
central, terminal, subterminal (dictated by DNA/genetics)
36
types of spore shape:
round, oval (specific to species)
37
types of cell swelling:
cell swells around the spores, non-swelling spore (specific to species)
38
how does sporulation occur?
1. DNA replication -central, terminal, or subterminal 2. septum -plasma membrane created a barrier 3. spore septum -forespore is formed, 2 membranes 4. cortex -peptidoglycan layers form between membranes 5. Dipicolinic acid (DPA) and calcium -accumulated inside endospore while cortex finishes forming 6. SASP -DNA binding protein covers chromosome while DNA is being dehydrated by ca.DPA 7. spore coat -made of keratin like structure is formed on outside of the spore to protect it 8. spouting call's DNA, cell wall, and call -denigrate 9. endospore -is related from th cell creating a mature spore
39
what does DPA do for the spore?
interacts with the water and makes it unavailable so the DNA cannot interact with water and won't be so sensitive to changing/drastic environments
40
What does SASP do for the spore?
protects the DNA from radiation
41
exosporial is what?
sometimes another coat formed around the endospore
42
how does germination occur?
1. pore -communicates with the environment and when its stable for growth pore rehydration occurs: if the spore decides, the genes in DNA allow water to flood into the call then setting off a series of events 2. vegetative cell -ready for sporulation is created
43
is sporulation and germination reversible?
no
44
how long does vegetative cell-spore (sporulation) take?
6-8 hours
45
how long does spore-vegetative cell (germination) take?
1-2 hours
46
what is a glycocalyx?
sticky usually carbohydrate matrix on nearly all bacteria -repeating units of carbohydrates or amino acids
47
purpose of a glycocalyx?
-protection against dehydration, chemicals, and viruses -attachment -motility
48
what is a bacteriophage?
bacteria eating viruses
49
what diagnostic tool us sued to identify a specific organism by species or strain of glycocalyx?
K-antigen -the structure of the glycocalyx
50
what types of glycocalyx are there?
1.capsule 2.slime -gliding motility
51
what is the most common form of movement for bacterial cells?
flagella-flagellum
52
single polar flagellum:
monotrichous
53
many flagella on one polar end of the cell driving it in one direction:
lophotrichous
54
flagella on both polar ends of the cell
amphitrichous
55
multiple flagella not restricted to ends/poles (not polar)
peritrichous
56
do prokaryotic flagellum have cilia
no
57
What is an h-antigen?
sequence of flagellin-diagnostic tool
58
what is the arrangement of eukaryotic flagellum?
9+2 microtubule arrangment
59
what is trichous movement also considered?
run and tumble
60
what is false motility or Brownian movement?
shaking of the cell due to the water molecules "false motility"
61
what is chemotaxis?
movement trades nutrients or away from toxins
62
what is ameboid movement?
no cell wall (macrophages) the flow of cytoplasm as extensions of the organism.
63
what is cytoskeletal propulsion?
(listeria, shigella, rickettsia) causes action to polymerize/pushes/infects cells, antibodies cannot defend against this
64
what is the use of endoflagellum?
Endoflagella are bundles of flagella called axial filaments that wrap around the cell body of spirochetes. The axial filaments cause the bundles of flagella to rotate to help the spirochete move in a twisting motion.
65
what do fimbriae do?
attachment, role in virulence, colonization-residency
66
what do pili do?
attachment, injection of toxins, F pilus-fertility

Microbiology Midterm (3 decks)

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