Exam 1 - Chest

Question 0

MC Malignant tumor of diaphragm

Answer 0

Fibrosarcoma

Question 1

Most common disturbance of the diaphragm

Answer 1

Singultus (Hiccups)

Question 2

MC benign tumor of diaphragm

Answer 2

Lipoma

Question 3

PA Chest view w/ Expiration is best view to see…

Answer 3

Obstruction & Pneumothorax

Question 4

Unilateral Hilum enlargement is MC due to:

Answer 4

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

Question 5

What fissure separates the middle & upper lobes from the lower lobes?

Answer 5

Right Oblique / Major fissure

Question 6

What fissure separates the upper & middle lobes?

Answer 6

Left Oblique / Major fissure

Question 7

Separates the middle lobe from the upper & lower lobe

Answer 7

Right Horizontal / Minor fissure

Question 8

Sign that determines enlargement of Left Ventricle

• Draw line from diaphragm & inferior vena cava
• Inferior vena cava: superior 2cm & posterior 2cm

Answer 8

Rigler Hoffman Sign

Question 9

Unilateral elevated diaphragm is caused by:

Answer 9

Atelectasis

Question 10

Bilateral elevated diaphragm is caused by:

Answer 10

Subpulmonic Pleural Effusion

Question 11

Best view to see Pleural Effusion

Answer 11

Lateral Decubitus View

Question 12

MC accessory lobe seen on x-ray

• occurs in 1% of population
• right lung
• PA chest xray

Answer 12

Azygos Lobe & fissure

Question 13

MC accessory lobe/fissure that MC occurs in the general public?

Answer 13

Inferior Accessory lobe / fissure of Right Lung

Question 14

Normal variant of the diaphragm (unilateral or bilateral)
Etiologies:
1. Abnormal muscle development (thin membranous sheet)
2. Nerve deficiency (phrenic nerve paralysis)

Answer 14

Eventration/Scalloping

Question 15

Partial Eventration/Scalloping is MC seen on what side?

Complete is MC seen on what side?

Answer 15

Partial MC seen on Right

Complete MC seen on Left

Question 16

Peak-like pulling on the pleura

MC cause if viral pneumonia

Answer 16

Tenting

Question 17

Preferred view to see Lung Apices

Answer 17

Apical Lordotic View

Question 18

Cords in between the alveoli

Answer 18

Kahn

Question 19

Cords between the alveoli to bronchi/bronchioles

Answer 19

Canals of Lambert

Question 20

Pattern of Parenchymal Lung Disease

• Fluid in alveoli
• Possible air bronchogram sign or silhouette sign
• Fluffy, cloud-like, hazy

Answer 20

Air Space / Alveolar disease

Question 21

Visualization of air in the bronchus (airways) because of surrounding airspace disease

Answer 21

Air Bronchogram Sign

Question 22

Two objects of the same radiographic density touch each other so that the edge or margin b/t them is not seen.

Answer 22

Silhouette Sign

Question 23

Right heart border forms a silhouette sign with the….

Answer 23

RML

Question 24

Left heart border forms a silhouette sign with the…

Answer 24

Lingulas of the LUL

Question 25

Diaphragm forms a silhouette sign with the…

Answer 25

Lower Lobes (costophrenic angles)

Question 26

Ascending Aorta forms a silhouette sign with the…

Answer 26

Anterior Segment of the RUL

Question 27

Aortic Arch forms a silhouette sign with the …

Answer 27

Apical segment of LUL

Question 28

3 Patterns of Interstitial Disease:

• Network of lines
• Nodules & Circles
• Netty w/spots

Answer 28

1. Reticular - network of lines
2. Nodular - nodules & circles
3. Reticulonodular - netty w/spots

Question 29

Fibrous dysplasia of the chest
“Great imitator of lung disease”
Type of reticulonodular disease

Answer 29

Sarcoidosis

Question 30

Loss of air volume in all or part of a lung; usually due to complete main stem bronchus obstruction
Lobes collapse in a fan-like configuration w/base anchored @ pleural surface

Answer 30

Atelactasis

Question 31

XRay of Atelectasis: heart & mediastinal structures shift _____ the affected side

Answer 31

Toward

Question 32

Direct Atelectasis causes

Answer 32

1. Displacement of fissures

2. Increased density

Question 33

Indirect causes of Atelectasis

Answer 33

1. Shift of structures
2. Over-inflation of unaffected lobes/lung
3. Increased retrosternal clear space
4. Depression of hemidiaphragm

Question 34

Type of atelectasis:

• Most likely due to deactivation of surfactant - collapse of airspaces in a nonsegmental or nonlobar pattern
• Pts have splinting pain = incomplete inhalation

Answer 34

Subsegmental/Discoid/Platelike

Question 35

MC type of atelectasis

Answer 35

Obstructive

Question 36

RUL Atelectasis has what sign

Answer 36

“S Sign of Golden”

Question 37

Massive Pleural Effusion XRay: pushes heart and mediastinal structures _____ from side of involvement.

Answer 37

Away

Question 38

Increased rate of fluid formation

Example: CHF, pneumonia

Answer 38

Pleural Effusion

Question 39

Common cause of bilateral elevated diaphragm

Mimics elevated hemidiaphragm

Answer 39

Subpulmonic Effusion

Question 40

Blunting of Costophrenic Angles DDx

Answer 40

Pleural Effusion
Tumor
Fibrosis

Question 41

What sign is strongly suggestive of pleural effusion?

On the lateral view, it is usually high on both the anterior & posterior aspects (U-shape)

Answer 41

Meniscus Sign

Question 42

Sharply marginated collections of pleural fluid b/t the layers of a fissure or in a subpleural location just beneath the fissure.
MC: CHF

Answer 42

Vanishing/Pseudo Tumors