Exam 1 - Chest Flashcards

(43 cards)

0
Q

MC Malignant tumor of diaphragm

A

Fibrosarcoma

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1
Q

Most common disturbance of the diaphragm

A

Singultus (Hiccups)

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2
Q

MC benign tumor of diaphragm

A

Lipoma

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3
Q

PA Chest view w/ Expiration is best view to see…

A

Obstruction & Pneumothorax

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4
Q

Unilateral Hilum enlargement is MC due to:

A

Bronchogenic Carcinoma

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5
Q

What fissure separates the middle & upper lobes from the lower lobes?

A

Right Oblique / Major fissure

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6
Q

What fissure separates the upper & middle lobes?

A

Left Oblique / Major fissure

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7
Q

Separates the middle lobe from the upper & lower lobe

A

Right Horizontal / Minor fissure

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8
Q

Sign that determines enlargement of Left Ventricle

  • Draw line from diaphragm & inferior vena cava
  • Inferior vena cava: superior 2cm & posterior 2cm
A

Rigler Hoffman Sign

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9
Q

Unilateral elevated diaphragm is caused by:

A

Atelectasis

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10
Q

Bilateral elevated diaphragm is caused by:

A

Subpulmonic Pleural Effusion

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11
Q

Best view to see Pleural Effusion

A

Lateral Decubitus View

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12
Q

MC accessory lobe seen on x-ray

  • occurs in 1% of population
  • right lung
  • PA chest xray
A

Azygos Lobe & fissure

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13
Q

MC accessory lobe/fissure that MC occurs in the general public?

A

Inferior Accessory lobe / fissure of Right Lung

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14
Q

Normal variant of the diaphragm (unilateral or bilateral)
Etiologies:
1. Abnormal muscle development (thin membranous sheet)
2. Nerve deficiency (phrenic nerve paralysis)

A

Eventration/Scalloping

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15
Q

Partial Eventration/Scalloping is MC seen on what side?

Complete is MC seen on what side?

A

Partial MC seen on Right

Complete MC seen on Left

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16
Q

Peak-like pulling on the pleura

MC cause if viral pneumonia

A

Tenting

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17
Q

Preferred view to see Lung Apices

A

Apical Lordotic View

18
Q

Cords in between the alveoli

19
Q

Cords between the alveoli to bronchi/bronchioles

A

Canals of Lambert

20
Q

Pattern of Parenchymal Lung Disease

  • Fluid in alveoli
  • Possible air bronchogram sign or silhouette sign
  • Fluffy, cloud-like, hazy
A

Air Space / Alveolar disease

21
Q

Visualization of air in the bronchus (airways) because of surrounding airspace disease

A

Air Bronchogram Sign

22
Q

Two objects of the same radiographic density touch each other so that the edge or margin b/t them is not seen.

A

Silhouette Sign

23
Q

Right heart border forms a silhouette sign with the….

24
Left heart border forms a silhouette sign with the...
Lingulas of the LUL
25
Diaphragm forms a silhouette sign with the...
Lower Lobes (costophrenic angles)
26
Ascending Aorta forms a silhouette sign with the...
Anterior Segment of the RUL
27
Aortic Arch forms a silhouette sign with the ...
Apical segment of LUL
28
3 Patterns of Interstitial Disease: - Network of lines - Nodules & Circles - Netty w/spots
1. Reticular - network of lines 2. Nodular - nodules & circles 3. Reticulonodular - netty w/spots
29
Fibrous dysplasia of the chest "Great imitator of lung disease" Type of reticulonodular disease
Sarcoidosis
30
Loss of air volume in all or part of a lung; usually due to complete main stem bronchus obstruction Lobes collapse in a fan-like configuration w/base anchored @ pleural surface
Atelactasis
31
XRay of Atelectasis: heart & mediastinal structures shift _____ the affected side
Toward
32
Direct Atelectasis causes
1. Displacement of fissures | 2. Increased density
33
Indirect causes of Atelectasis
1. Shift of structures 2. Over-inflation of unaffected lobes/lung 3. Increased retrosternal clear space 4. Depression of hemidiaphragm
34
Type of atelectasis: - Most likely due to deactivation of surfactant - collapse of airspaces in a nonsegmental or nonlobar pattern - Pts have splinting pain = incomplete inhalation
Subsegmental/Discoid/Platelike
35
MC type of atelectasis
Obstructive
36
RUL Atelectasis has what sign
"S Sign of Golden"
37
Massive Pleural Effusion XRay: pushes heart and mediastinal structures _____ from side of involvement.
Away
38
Increased rate of fluid formation | Example: CHF, pneumonia
Pleural Effusion
39
Common cause of bilateral elevated diaphragm | Mimics elevated hemidiaphragm
Subpulmonic Effusion
40
Blunting of Costophrenic Angles DDx
Pleural Effusion Tumor Fibrosis
41
What sign is strongly suggestive of pleural effusion? | On the lateral view, it is usually high on both the anterior & posterior aspects (U-shape)
Meniscus Sign
42
Sharply marginated collections of pleural fluid b/t the layers of a fissure or in a subpleural location just beneath the fissure. MC: CHF
Vanishing/Pseudo Tumors