Exam 3 - Abdomen Flashcards
(94 cards)
What kind of special imaging is MC used for the esophagus?
Barium Swallow
Esophogram for Morphology & Motility
Special imaging for Pharynx & Esophagus
- Barium
- CT Scan
What special imaging is used for the Stomach & Duodenum?
- Barium: upper GI series
- CT Scan: Neoplasia & extent of disease
Why is barium used as special imaging for stomach & duodenum?
For Upper GI Series
Esophagogastric junction to Ligamen of Treitz
What special imaging is used for the Gallbladder?
Oral Cholecystography **
Ultrasound
CT Scan
HIDA aka cholescintigraphy **
What are the contents of Oral Cholecystography for Gallbladder?
- Telopaque (contrast agen) - good for filling defects
- Cholecystagogue (fatty drink) - good for function
What is used to tract the flow of bile
Dx: bile duct obstruction, bile leakage, cholecystitis, gallstones
HIDA (hepatobiliary iminodiaceic acid scan) aka
Cholescintigraphy
What special imaging is the Gold Standard for the Pancreas?
CT Scan
It’s done first when disease is suspected
What special imaging is used for the Genitourinary Tract?
- IVP/IVU
- Excretory
- Ultrasound
- CT Scan
- Cystography
- Nuclear scans, angiography, MRI
What is IVP/IVU for Genitourinary Tract?
IVP = intravenous pyelography IVU = intravenous urography
What is Excretory for Genitourinary tract?
Pyelography / Urography
Run cannula up urethra & dump contrast
What is the most basic radiographic study of the urinary tract?
Excretory (pyelography / urography)
Special imaging for Genitointestinal tract?
- Barium: GI mucosa & lumen
- Iodinated Contrast: used with CT & MRI to show vasculature, duct systems, suspected perforation of lumen, parenchyma of solid organs
Special imaging for Colon:
- Plain film?
- CT Scan?
- Colonoscopy?
- Barium Enema?
- Plain Film: obstruction
- CT Scan: extent of disease
- Colonoscopy: lumen
- Barium Enema: obstruction, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, primary neoplasm
Special imaging for Liver & Bile Ducts
- MRI & CT: small mass lesions
- Nuclear Scinitigraphy
- Ultrasound: obstruction (not complete) or inflammatory disease of bile ducts (initial evaluation) > cholangiography or retrograde cholangiography
Special imaging for Ovaries & Uterus
- Ultrasound: usually used as the initial study
- CT scan
- MRI
- Hysterosalpingography
Special imaging for Prostate
- Ultrasound
- Retrograde urethrogram: looking for narrowing of prostate
An acute impairment of renal function after exposure to a contrast medium
- Rise in serum creatinine within 2-5 days of exposure & usually returns to normal in 7-12 days
- 1 in 75,000 contrast administrations result in death (allergic rxn)
- Greater risk with intravenous delivery
Contrast Nephropathy
What patients are at a greater risk for Contrast nephropathy?
- Pre-existing renal insufficiency
- Insulin dependent diabetic w/ secondary renal disease
- Repeated administration of contrast over short time (w/in 72hr)
- Transplant & renal dialysis pts
- Total iodine dose > 100g w/in 24 hour period
Disease that causes fibrosis of the skin & internal organs due to use of gadolinium in pts with renal insufficiency
- Gado is not safer than iodinated contrast
- Nephrotoxic
- Carries & FDA blackbox warning
- Should only be used for areas approved by FDA
- Certain types more toxic than others
- Pt w/anaphylaxis to iodine have increased risk to anaphylaxis w/gado
Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis (Dermopathy)
What film of the abdomen is used to diagnose bowel obstructions, gallstones & kidney stones?
KUB
Kidney Ureters Bladder
What is a KUB?
Plain film - Supine
SCOUT film — for barium enemas, bowel gas patterns, soft tissue
Ca++ may be obscured by contrast
Oblique view may be warrented
Describe Normal Bowel Gas in Stomach, Small Bowel & Large Bowel.
Stomach: almost always meganblasse
Small Bowel: 2-3 loops of nondistended bowel
Large Bowel: rectum & sigmoid (almost always
What is the normal diameter of the small bowel?
2.5 cm = 1 US quarter