Exam 1: Concepts & Terminiology

Question 1

Define motor development

Answer 1

A sequential age-related process. Increase in motor skills over time.

Question 2

Define motor learning

Answer 2

Increased ability to do motor skills due to practice or experience.

Question 3

Define motor control

Answer 3

Study of the different aspects of movement. How well do you move? How in control are you?

Question 4

Define growth

Answer 4

Amount increases in the physical size of the whole body or specific body parts

Question 5

Define maturation

Answer 5

Functional changes from childhood until:
* You can reproduce
* Your skeleton is fully mineralized
* Your brain is fully developed

Question 6

Define aging

Answer 6

Growing older. Also, loss of adaptability or function

Question 7

Define constraint

Answer 7

Factors that limit, encourage, or shape development of movement

Question 8

Define rate limiter

Answer 8

The system that develops last or declines first during aging. It holds back or slows development/movement

Question 9

Define osteoblasts

Answer 9

Bone forming cells

Question 10

Define osteoclasts

Answer 10

Bone destroying cells

Question 11

Define osteocytes

Answer 11

Mature bone cells that form in layers. Think of them as connecting pathways!

Question 12

Define ossification

Answer 12

Formation of bones

Question 13

Define osteoporosis

Answer 13

Disease that causes low bone mass. Makes you more susceptible to injury.

Question 14

Define hyperplasia

Answer 14

An increase in the number of cells in an area of the body. Usually causes the area to enlarge.

Question 15

Define hypertrophy

Answer 15

An increase in muscle size.

Question 16

What do we mean by developmentally appropriate?

Answer 16

Developmentally appropriate means students are doing activities that are challenging but not too challenging.

Question 17

What are the two dimensons of developmentally appropraite and can you define them?

Question 18

What is the difference between developmental and non-developmental play apparatus?

Answer 18

Developmental is
* Active
* Foster organic movement patterns

Question 19

Define and provide an example for each

What is the first key component of development?

Answer 19

Qualitative: how well do you move

Question 20

Define and provide an example for each

What is the 2nd key component of development?

Answer 20

Sequential: motor development is a step-by-step process

Question 21

Define and provide an example for each

What is the third key component of development?

Answer 21

Cumulative, irreversible: we add to our motor development

Question 22

Define and provide an example for each

What is the fourth key component of development?

Answer 22

Directional: we go one way until something changes

Question 23

Define and provide an example for each

What is the fifth key component of development?

Answer 23

Individual: there is no one size fits all

Question 24

Define and provide an example for each

What is the sixth key component of development?

Answer 24

Multifactorial: there are lots of factors that affect development

Question 25

What is and is not considered to be motor development?

Answer 25

Motor development is:
* sequence of movements
* Influenced by individual and environment

Not all change in movement is development
* Some changes are from motor learning
* Motor development is different from motor control

Question 26

Compare and contrast the following terms

Motor development
Motor learning
Motor control

Answer 26

All three talk about how you move
Motor development: age related increase in movement skill over time
Motor learning: skill increase because of practice
Motor control: study of the parts of movement

Question 27

List and explain the following

The 4 domains of human development

Answer 27

Affective: emotional or social development
Cognitive: brain development, testing or evaluating
Motor: can you remember the definition…
Physical: growth

Question 28

What is an example of how the 4 domains of human development interact with each other?

Answer 28

There’s no way to analyze someone’s entire development just from one domain of development. For example, if we look at walking in a child, we can’t just look at their motor development.

Question 29

Explain the following term

Newell’s model of constraints

Answer 29

There are three individual factors: individual, task, and environmental constraints that interact with each other to accomplish the needs of an individual.

Question 30

Name and provide examples of each

What are the three constraints in Newell’s model?

Answer 30

1. Individual constraints: physical or mental Consist of structural (ex. height) & functional constraints (ex. attention).
2. Task: goals, rules, equipment
3. Environmental constraints include physical (ex. temperature) and sociocultural (ex. norms).

Question 31

What are rate limiters and how do they impact the rate of motor development?

Answer 31

A body system that develops last or declines first during aging. The slow the rate of motor development.

Question 32

Explan the difference between the two terms

Growth and Maturation

Answer 32

Growth is numeric increases in size of the body, for example your height. Maturation is functional changes that occur with age, for example being able to reproduce.