Exam 2: Development of Locomotion Flashcards
Locomotion
Define locomotion
Moving from place to place on 1, 2, or 4 limbs.
What are the various methods of locomotion
- Crawling
- Low creeping
- Rocking back and forth in creep
- Creeping
- Standing
- Walking
Compare and contrast crawling vs. creeping
Which comes first?
Crawling: moving on hands and abdomen
Creeping: moving on hands and knees
Crawling comes first because it requires less strength
What are rate limiters for walking?
- Strength
- balance
- Coordination for oppositional movement
Walking
When does it occur?
Around 12 months
Walking
What defines it?
- 50% phasing between legs
- Sharing load between 2 limbs
- double support followed by single
Walking
What are the characteristic of early walking?
- Maximizes stability and balance
- Arms in high guard
- Feet are spread wide
- Flat foot plant
- Independent steps
Early Walking
What are some rate limiters we need to be aware of?
Strength (to support body on one leg) and balance
Proficient Walking
Define proficient walking
Proficient walking:
* Stride length increases
* Heel then forefoot strike
* Base of support is narrowed
* Pelvis rotated
* Oppositional movement occurs
Proficient Walking
What are the motion and stability trade offs?
In proficient walking we trade stability for mobility
Proficient Walking
Double knee lock
In two parts of the gait cycle we should see knee extension happen twice on the same leg.
What are the constraints associated with an increase in stride length observed in children as they age?
Height
Older Adults
What are some rate limiters for aging adult gait?
Changes in structral constraints
Older Adults
What does it mean when we say there is a “regression” in older adult gait pattern?
It means that they are going backwards towards those early childhood patterns
Older Adult
What would someone expect to observe in an elderly gait pattern?
- Maximizing stability
- Stride length, pelvic rotation, and speed decrease
