exam 1 dermatology

Question 1

macule

Answer 1

< 1 cm in diameter, flat, nonpalpable, circumscribed, discolored

Question 2

patch

Answer 2

Patch: >1 cm in diameter, flat, nonpalpable, irregular shape, discolored

Question 3

papule

Answer 3

<1 cm in diameter, raised, palpable, firm

Question 4

nodule

Answer 4

1 cm, raised, solid

Question 5

plaque

Answer 5

> 1 cm, raised, superficial, flat topped, rough

Question 6

tumor

Answer 6

large nodule

Question 7

vesicle

Answer 7

< 1 cm superficially raised, filled with serous fluid

Question 8

bulla

Answer 8

> 1 cm vesicle

Question 9

pustule

Answer 9

raised, superficial, filled with cloudy purulent fluid

Question 10

wheal

Answer 10

raised, irregular area of edema, solid, transient variable size

Question 11

cyst

Answer 11

raised, circumscribed, encapsulated with wall and lumen and filled with liquid or semisolid

Question 12

scale

Answer 12

irregular formation of exfoliated, keratinized cells, irregular shape and size

Question 13

crust

Answer 13

dried serum, blood or exudate, slightly elevated

Question 14

lichenification

Answer 14

thickened epidermis with accentuated skin lines caused by rubbing

Question 15

scar

Answer 15

thin or thick fibrous tissue, following dermal injury

Question 16

fissure

Answer 16

linear break in skin through epidermis and dermis

Question 17

excoriation

Answer 17

: hollowed-out area of all or portion of epidermis with depressed appearance

Question 18

erosion

Answer 18

localized loss of epidermis, heals without scaring

Question 19

ulcer

Answer 19

loss of epidermis and dermis, variations in size

Question 20

atrophy

Answer 20

depression resulting from loss of epidermis and/or dermis

Question 21

lab studies for acne

Answer 21

hormones- FSH, TSH, LH, testosterone

electrolytes`

Question 22

skin ca risk factors

Answer 22

Men over age 50
Blue or green eyes (light ppl)
Blonde or red hair (light ppl)
Family history of skin cancer
Personal history of skin cancer
Continuous exposure to sun at work or play
Light skin that burns, freckles, or easily gets red
Certain types and larger number of moles
Lots of burns

Question 23

HARRM Risk factors for melanoma

Answer 23

History of previous melanoma
Age over 50
Regular dermatologist absent
Mole changing
Male gender

Question 24

additional risk factors for melanoma

Answer 24

≥50 common moles
≥1-4 atypical or unusual moles (especially if dysplastic)
Red or light hair
Actinic lentigines, macular brown or tan spots (usually on sun exposed areas)
Heavy sun exposure (especially severe childhood sunburns)
Light eye or skin color (especially freckles/burns easily)
Family history of melanoma

Question 25

squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 25

Begins as a small nodule and as it enlarges the center becomes necrotic and sloughs and the nodule turns into an ulcer The tumor commonly presents on sun-exposed areas – face, neck, shoulders, arms The tumor grows relatively slowly Unlike basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma has a substantial risk of metastasis

Question 26

labs to consider for pruritis

Answer 26

``` CMP- electrolytes (Liver/kidney disease) Lipid panel- elevated TSH CBC Make sure health maintenance is up to date ```

Question 27

elderly with itch and no rash

Answer 27

consider ca etiology are screenings UTD?

Question 28

alopecia areata

Answer 28

hair loss in patches

Question 29

alopecia totalis

Answer 29

lose all hair on scalp

Question 30

alopecia universalis

Answer 30

lose all hair on body

Question 31

alopecia areata

Answer 31

This disease causes hair loss and often occurs in healthy people. Hair falls out in round patches can fall out from the scalp and elsewhere on the body. The immune system attacks the hair follicles (structures that contain the roots of the hair), causing hair loss

Question 32

alopecia causes

Answer 32

androgenic/ hormonal, infection, drug related, poisoning, psychiatric, dermatologic, genetic/heritable, cancerous, and systemic illness

Question 33

risk factors for alopecia

Answer 33

``` Family history of baldness Advanced age Physical stress Psychological stress Pregnancy Regular use of aggressive hair-styling techniques Poor nutrition Rapid weight loss Restrictive diets (eg, low carbohydrate, low fat) ```

Question 34

anemia can be cause of what

Answer 34

alopecia

Question 35

hair follicle bx

Answer 35

small biopsy of 2 to 4 mm in diameter is taken and examined under a microscope will look for destruction of the hair follicles scar tissue presence and location of inflammation in relation to the hair follicles

Question 36

skin culture used for what

Answer 36

to find cause of infection in sore, burn, surgical wound, or injury

Question 37

When you are doing a skin scraping of a bullae, where do you scrape?

Answer 37

edge of bullae

Question 38

if there is scaly rash do

Answer 38

skin scraping