1. glucose 2. BUN 3. Cr 4. Na 5. K 6. Cl 7. CO2

exam 1 misc labs Flashcards by Nicole Bajusz

BMP components

glucose
BUN
Cr
Na
K
Cl
CO2

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Indications for order BMP

basic lab information for a patient on IV hydration
check for the adequacy of hydration
patients on diuretics are monitored
check kidney function
assessing the acid-base balance
Electrolyte levels
Glucose levels

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creatinine is produced as result of what

protein turnover in muscular tissue

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BUN is …

by product of protein metabolism in the liver

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BUN to Cr ratio

10:1

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BUN and Cr are excreted by what organ

kidneys

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if kidney fx is reduced, what happens to bun and Cr

they build up in the blood

higher concentrations usually indicate worsening kidney fx

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GFR formula

calculated from Cr, age, body size, and gender

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GFR used for staging what

kidney disease

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adjusted GFR

depends on if they are AA or non-AA

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BUN is produced in what organ

liver

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what happens to BUN in severe liver failure

reduced

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BUN can be raised by what

a heavy protein load in the diet
upper GI bleeding
Dehydration – most often seen in PCP

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Does dehydration cause BUN and Creatinine to rise at the same time?

In dehydration, filtration of
no

BUN is effected before that of creatinine, so BUN rises out of proportion to creatinine

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Calcium is controlled by what

calcitonin and parathyroid hormone

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small alterations in ca can lead to what

major dysrhythmias and neuromuscular symptoms

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calcium concentration is proportional to what

phosphate

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calcium is absorbed in what

the gut

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calcium is stored where

98% skeletal system
2% bone

50% is reionized calcium, so this means it is active and 50% is bound to protein- primarily the proten in albumin

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calcium is excreted by

primarily the kidneys

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bicarbonate aka HCO3- is measure of what

acid base balance

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bicarbonate is largely controlled by what organ

kidneys

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chloride is useful for what

assessing acid-base balance

used to calculate the anion gap

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chloride is inversely r/t what levels

bicarbonate levels

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do chloride levels increase or decrease with dehydration

increase

what electrolytes are vital in maintaining proper cardiac and NM fx

Na+ | K+

sodium levels elevate with what

1. dehydration 2. excessive h2o intake 3. vomiting

potassium decreases whit what

diuretics

K+ increases with

renal disease | unneeded K supplementation

glucose controlled by what

insulin and glucagon

glucose increases with

1. DM 2. Cushing's syndrome 3. acute stress 4. cortiocosteriod therapy 5. chronic renal failure

glucose decreases with

1. hypothyroidism 2. Addison's disease 3. insulin overdose

CMP includes

BMP labs, calcium, and liver enzymes

liver fx labs included in CMP

1. albumin 2. AST 3. ALT 4. bilirubin 5. alkaline phosphatase

purpose of liver fx labs in CMP

to detect asymptomatic liver disease ex- hep C, fatty steatosis, early alcoholic liver disease, metastatic liver disease also used to follow progression of liver disease after dx check for complications of meds

hypercalcemia may indicate

dysfx of parathyroid gland, bone CA, hyperthyroidism, sarcoidosis, TB, excessive vit D

hypocalcemia may indicate

ca deficiency, magnesium deficiency, high phosphorus, pancreatitis, kidney failure, malnutrition, alcoholism

calcium measurement

8.5 - 10.2 mg/dL

total protein measurement

5.0 - 8.3 gm/dl

total protein is measurement of what

measures the total amount of protein in blood plasma

total protein used to determine

nutritional status, presence of kidney or liver disease, edema

increased total protein indicates

hepatitis or chronic inflammatory disease

decreased total protein associated with

malnutrition, malabsorption, or bleeding disorder

increased sodium levels

dehydration, hyperventilating, or some kind of kidney disease

decreased Na + levels

heart disease, poor fx of adrenal glands, liver disease

potassium stimulates what

muscle contraction

increased levels of K+

seen in Addison's disease, HD | ppl with DM are also likely to have high levels of K+ in bloodstream

decreased levels of K+ - you see these kind of things with it

vomiting, muscle spasms, dehydration

CO2, bicarbonate

results that fall outside WNL range typically indicate electrolyte imbalance, usually the result of dehydration

chloride range

98-107

are chloride levels increased or decreased with dehydration

increased

BUN range

10-20

bun stands for what

blood urea nitrogen

increased BUN levels indicate what

the kidneys are having trouble filtering out

high BUN is seen with

high protein diets, certain ATBs (eg tobramycin), bleeding

low BUN is seen with

liver disease, low protein consumption, severe muscle injury, pregnancy

CMP includes all of following accept: a. Na b. tests of liver fx c. INR d. total protein

INR

Blood culture and sensitivity

done to determine the presence or absence of bacteria in the blood blood is collected in culture medium and allowed to incubate for a specified period of time - usually 24 hours the mixture is placed on culture medium to identify any bacterial organisms that might be in the blood. Determines what meds the bacteria is sensitive too

uses for blood cx and sensitivity

1. results help guide tx so that narrower spectrum ATBs can be used 2. when the source of infection is not easily available (ie IE) 3. source of fever cannot be determined

a positive blood culture result might occur in which of the following situations? a. viral PNA b. renal failure c. viral enteritis d. bacterial pyelonephritis