Exam 1 Drugs

Question 1

Which behavior modifying drugs are SSRIs?

Answer 1

Fluoxetine & Trazodone

Question 2

Which behavior drug is a TCA?

Answer 2

Clomipramine

Question 3

Which behavior drug is an MAOI?

Answer 3

Deprenyl

Question 4

Which drug is used strictly for cognitive disorders in geriatric patients?

Answer 4

Deprenyl

Question 5

How do TCAs contribute to analgesia?

Answer 5

Block NMDA receptor

Question 6

What are the 2 MAO subtypes? Which does Deprenyl target?

Answer 6

Subtype A–>serotonin

Subtype B–> Dopamine (Target)

Question 7

Cognitive disorders are usually associated with a deficiency in which NT?

Answer 7

Dopamine

Question 8

An inhibitory NT

Answer 8

GABA

Question 9

2 non-dopamine receptors targeted by acepromazine

Answer 9

Histamine (H1)
alpha blockade (1>2)

Question 10

target receptor for ace

Answer 10

dopamine subtype 2

Question 11

3 other receptor targets for TCAs

Answer 11

histamine
muscarinic
alpha adrenergic
*** ALL ARE BLOCKED ***

Question 12

1/2 life of clomipramine

Answer 12

9 hours (+/- metabolite)

Question 13

why is decreased appetite seen with TCAs?

Answer 13

serotonin build up

Question 14

half life of fluoxetine in 1) dogs 2) cats

Answer 14

1) 6 hrs

2) 35 hours

Question 15

how long is the half life of fluoexetine’s active metabolite?

Answer 15

50+ hours

Question 16

T/F: fluoxetin is approved for use in cats

Answer 16

False (but is used)

Question 17

T/F: Trazodone is approved for use in animals

Answer 17

False

Question 18

3 ways to classify pain

Answer 18

1) severity
2) duration
3) source

Question 19

2 nociceptors and the pain that they transmit

Answer 19

1) delta fibers–acute, local pain

2) c fibers– dull and achy

Question 20

what areas to opioids work at?

Answer 20

brain and spinal cord

Question 21

3 classes of opioid receptors

Answer 21

mu (mop), kappa (kop), delta (dop)

Question 22

what 3 cellular changes do opioids cause to decrease pain

Answer 22

1) inhibit adenylyl cyclase (lowers cAMP)
2) activate K channels (outflow)
3) inhibit voltage Ca channels

Question 23

through what receptor can opioids cause emesis?

Answer 23

Dopamine

Question 24

which opioid can cause an anaphylactoid reaction and how?

Answer 24

Morphine; causes mast cell degranulation

Question 25

oxymorphone is ___x as potent at morphine

Answer 25

10-15x

Question 26

hydromorphone is __x as potent as morphine

Answer 26

5x

Question 27

which opioid has a short duration of action?

Answer 27

Hydromorphone (2-4 hours)

Question 28

which opioid is synthetic?

Answer 28

Fentanyl

Question 29

Which opioids are dosed in mcg/kg?

Answer 29

Fentanyl and buprenorphine

Question 30

some opioids can be mixed with ____ ____ to be used as a neuroleptanagesic?

Answer 30

dopamine antagonists

Question 31

Fentanyl's lipophilicity allows it to penetrate what skin layer?

Answer 31

stratum corneum

Question 32

T/F: tramadol's metabolite is more active

Answer 32

True

Question 33

Why should caution be used when giving tramadol with SSRIs?

Answer 33

both drugs inhibit NE and serotonin uptake at the synapse

Question 34

describe butorphanol's receptor affinity

Answer 34

MOP: anatagonist KOP: agonist

Question 35

which opioid produces less excitability in horses?

Answer 35

Butorphanol

Question 36

describe buprenorphine's receptor affinity

Answer 36

MOP: partial agonist KOP: antagonist

Question 37

which opioid has a generally longer duration of action?

Answer 37

buprenorphine

Question 38

two way catecholamines are metabolized

Answer 38

1) MOA | 2) COMT

Question 39

cAMP in smooth muscle causes

Answer 39

relaxation

Question 40

receptor target for Dobutamine

Answer 40

Beta 1 agonist

Question 41

Name 2 alpha-2 AGONISTS. which is more selective?

Answer 41

1) xylazine | 2) Dexmedetomidine (more selective)

Question 42

Reversal drug for sedation with alpha 2 agonists?

Answer 42

Atipamezole

Question 43

main indication for beta-2 AGONISTS

Answer 43

bronchodilation

Question 44

name 3 beta-2 AGONISTS

Answer 44

Terbutaline, Clenbuterol, Albuterol

Question 45

which drug is the most effective beta-2 agonist?

Answer 45

Epinephrine (but it's non-selective)

Question 46

which beta- ANTAGONIST is selective for Beta-1 ?

Answer 46

Atenolol

Question 47

What type of receptor is nicotinic?

Answer 47

Ligand Gated

Question 48

what type of receptor is muscarinic?

Answer 48

g-protein linked

Question 49

two nicotinic receptor subtypes

Answer 49

1) Nm | 2) Nn

Question 50

name a DIRECT cholinergic AGONIST

Answer 50

Bethanecol

Question 51

Name 2 reversible cholinesterase inhibitors (indirect cholinergic agonists)

Answer 51

1) Neostigmine | 2) Edrophonium

Question 52

Which cholinergic AGONIST is longer acting and be used to treat myasthenia gravis?

Answer 52

Neostigmine

Question 53

myasthenia gravis affects which specific nicotinic receptor?

Answer 53

Nm

Question 54

which drug can be used in a tensilon test to Dx myasthenia gravis?

Answer 54

Edrophonium

Question 55

name 2 cholinergic ANTAGONISTS

Answer 55

1) Atropine | 2) Glycopyrrolate

Question 56

mechanism of action for atropine

Answer 56

occupy muscarinic receptor on effector cell to block ACh binding

Question 57

4 main clinical signs of OP toxicity? Usual cause of death?

Answer 57

SLUD (salivation, lacrimation, urinary, defication) | Death from bronchoconstriction

Question 58

which drug is a cholinesterase reactivator?

Answer 58

Pralidoxime (2-PAM)