Exam 1: final review Flashcards
(37 cards)
A variation of a gene is called an ________
allele
a piece of DNA that encodes many proteins and functional RNAs and is bound tightly during mitosis is called _________
a chromosome
if a geneticist is studying the prevalence of a trait in a species they are at the ___________ level of study
population
which of the following is not a component of the DNA or RNA backbone?
A. ribose
B. phosphate
C. nucleotide bases
D. deoxyribose
C. nucelotide bases
the probability that a seed pod has a yellow seed and then a green seed and then two yellow seeds and then a green seed can be calculated using __________
the product rule
which of the following statements regarding natural selection are true?
A. genotypes increasing in frequency in a population are under negative selection
B. gene sequences in organisms must change for natural selection to occur
C. selection strength is not affected by the environment
D. phenotype must be affected for natural selection to act on genetic changes
A. phenotype must be affected for natural selection to act on genetic changes
In humans, patterns of inheritance are often studied using which of the following?
A. A dihybrid testcross
B. self-fertilization
C. producing true breeding lines
D. pedigree analysis
E. none of the above
D. pedigree analysis
using mendels flower color (purple is dominant, white is recessive), if two heterozygous plants are crossed, what is the probability that the first two offspring will have purple flowers
56.25% or 9/16
what genotype/phenotype would you use to perform a testcross to determine an unknown genotype of two traits in an organism
double homozygous recessive
The advantage of ___________ is short read, but huge amounts of data
The advantage of ___________ is longer reads, less data and more costly, also more time consuming
The advantage of ___________ is only single DNA sequences at once, very specific, bases added one at a time
Illumina
Roche 454
sanger dideoxy sequencing
which of the following would contain the same genes, in the same order but are not 100% identical
A. sister chromatids
B. homologous chromosomes
C. Chromosome 3 from a chimp and human
D. all answers are correct
B. homologous chromosome
What is the mRNA sequence from this coding strand of DNA:
5’ CGTAAGTA 3’
5’ CGUAAGUA 3’
which of the following phenomena results in the largest change in genome size?
A. Polyploidization
B. Gene Loss
C. Horizontal gene transfer
D. gene family expansion
polyploidization
which of the following statements about bacteria are true?
A. bacteria usually have nuclei
B. bacterial chromosomes are usually larger than most animal chromosomes
C. bacterial chromosomes are usually circular
D. bacteria usually have multiple chromosomes
C. bacterial chromosomes are usually circular
Which protein unwinds the DNA during DNA replication?
DNA helicase
Which group of organisms has the highest percentage of functional, transcribed DNA?
A bacterium
Where is extranuclear DNA located in mammalian cells?
mitochondrion
which of the following processes depends on complementary base pairing?
A. protein translation
B. RNA transcription
C. hybridization
A. all of the above
all of the above
Alternative splicing refers to the process where multiple _________ are produced from one __________. This process is most common in ________, occurs less frequently in ___________ like C. elegans, and does not happen in ___________.
gene products, gene, mammals, nematode, bacteria
T/F: after the DNA copy checkpoints and proofreading is complete, DNA replication is perfect
False
T/F: when Mendel published his work it was an immediate success and changed science. He died a hero to science
false
T/F: When the word “dominant” is used to describe an allele, it is the allele that will be expressed in a heterozygote and it will eventually go to fixation in a population
false
Mendel’s law of segregation refers to the fact that the two alleles for a gene in a diploid organism separate during gamete formation and each gamete receives only one of these alleles
True
T/F: genome size and chromosome number do not increase with organism complexity when looking at the whole picture of life
false
