Exam 3: final review

Question 1

Based on the following mRNAs, which exons are constitutive? numbers represent exons.
A. 1-2-3-7-8-10
B. 1-2-4-5-6-7-9
C. 1-4-6-7-8
D. 1-2-4-7-10

Answer 1

1 and 7

Question 2

when it comes to RNAi, which is the most effective at controlling the gene?
A. using only sense (matching) RNA
B. using both sense and antisense RNA
C. using only antisense RNA

Answer 2

B. Using both

Question 3

What is the function of the TATA box?

Answer 3

The TATA box binds TFIID

Question 4

T/F: McCintock also proved that crossing over was real, not just transposable elements

Answer 4

true

Question 5

The nucleosome modifications that have generational memory (on the cellular level) due to methylation, phosphorylation or acetylation on the N terminus is called

Answer 5

Histone Code

Question 6

T/F: Closed formation in the chromatin allows for transcription factors and RNAP to start transcription.

Answer 6

false

Question 7

In multicellular organisms, different cells have different functions though they still have the same whole genome. How does that work?

Answer 7

Differential gene expression

Question 8

What is an evolutionarily accepted mutation?

Answer 8

A mutation that does not have adverse impact on the function of a protein

Question 9

T/F: Regulation for non-coding RNAs usually takes place at the translational level.

Answer 9

false

Question 10

Which of the following does not define the principle of genetic linkage?
A. Genes that are transmitted to the next generation as a group
B. Two or more genes that are physically connected on a chromosome
C.The process by which genetic information is exchanged between homologous chromosomes

Answer 10

C. The process by which genetic information is exchanged between homologous chromosomes

Question 11

What is a reporter gene?

Answer 11

A gene that is used to investigate promoter activity

Question 12

T/F: The first and last exons of a gene are always expressed in a functional protein. 

Answer 12

false

Question 13

Which of the following is not components of the preinitiation complex?
A. sequence specific transcription factors
B. general transcription factors
C. Start codons
D. TFIID
E. RNY polymerase

Answer 13

C. start codons

Question 14

what region of a protein cannot be changed without very severe consequences?

Answer 14

the region with the most stars

Question 15

the human genome has about ________ protein coding genes and _________ base pairs

Answer 15

21,000/3.3 billion

Question 16

The proteins that bind to the CRM (cis regulatory module) and cause a gene to be expressed by starting transcription.

Answer 16

Transcription Factors

Question 17

Convert 45 map units to centimorgans

Answer 17

45 centimorgans

Question 18

Which of the following statements about transcription and translation is not true?
A. rRNA is involved in translation
B. Translation in bacteria begins before mRNA transcription is completed
C. mRNA is transported out of the nucleus in eukaryotes
D. Transcription regulation is not commonly used to control gene expression

Answer 18

D. Transcription regulation is not commonly used to control gene expression

Question 19

During which stage of translation does translational regulation most likely occur?

Answer 19

Initiation

Question 20

Which of the following is not true of translation termination?
A. Stop codons bind to special tRNA molecules
B. There are three possible stop codons
C. Mutations in mRNA molecules can affect the location of translation termination

Answer 20

A. Stop codons bind to special tRNA molecules

Question 21

If AUG codes for methionine, which of the following isoleucine codons is least likely to be used?
A. AUA
B. AUU
c. AUC

Answer 21

A. AUA

Question 22

Iron response proteins (IRPs) are involved in regulating iron levels in the cell through translational regulation. Which of the following statements regarding IRP regulation is NOT true?
A. IRP binds to 3’ and 5’ UTRs
B. IRP binding prevents transferrin translation
C. Ferritin is produced when there is too much iron in the cell
D. IRP binds to iron

Answer 22

B. IRP binding prevents transferrin translation

Question 23

Which of the following AA substitutions would most likely result in a viable switch that would have the least likely chance of killing the protein?
A. An AA that is similar in character
B. An AA that is similar in charge only
C. An AA that is similar in charge and character
D. An AA that is very different from the one it replaces

Answer 23

C. AN AA that is similar in charge and character

Question 24

lacI codes for a protein that controls the lac operon and therefore it is constitutively expressed. This means that lacI is___________________.

Answer 24

always turned on and expressed

Question 25

T/F: Proteolytic cleavage is necessary for production of insulin

Answer 25

true

Question 26

The proteins that modulate the ability of spliceosomes to recognize or choose splice sites

Answer 26

Splicing Factors

Question 27

Which is not an implication of the universal genetic code? A. transcription factors are a necessary part of gene splicing B. there is a finite number of changes between species C. all life came from a single origin D. The code allows for horizontal gene transfer

Answer 27

A. transcription factors are a necessary part of gene splicing

Question 28

T/F: We make genetic maps of humans through specific planed out crosses of individuals that have allowed us to map genes on human chromosomes

Answer 28

false

Question 29

T/F: While mapping two genes in Drosophila, you observe 35 recombinants among 150 total offspring. This is an accurate hypothesis for the distance, no other forces influence the number of recombinants.

Answer 29

false

Question 30

T/F: Most human genes have multiple forms of alternatively spliced genes

Answer 30

true

Question 31

While mapping genes in Drosophila, you observe 20 recombinants among 200 total offspring. What is the distance between these genes?

Answer 31

10 map units

Question 32

An operon is.........

Answer 32

A regulatory unit consisting of a few structural genes under control of one promoter

Question 33

T/F: Methylation and acetylation are protein modifications that increase transcription.

Answer 33

true

Question 34

Which a region(s) of the protein sequence does not need strict conservation?

Answer 34

the one with the most blank space/ dots and least stars

Question 35

A bicoid mutant mother..... A. Has two butts but normal offspring due to maternal effect B. Does not allow for antennapedia expression C. Has two butts and no offspring D. Is normal but had offspring with two butts due to maternal effect

Answer 35

D. Is normal but had offspring with two butts due to maternal effect

Question 36

hunchback mRNA is provided by the mother through maternal effect and can be found _________

Answer 36

throughout the whole embryo

Question 37

What is unique about the early nuclear divisions in a Drosophila embryo?

Answer 37

The development of a syncytium caused by the nuclear divisions that occur without cell division

Question 38

Hunchback does not show a similar gradient of protein expression but rather an abrupt cut off due to

Answer 38

a needed threshold of bicoid protein for expression

Question 39

Bicoid protein shows a diffusion gradient across the developing embryo because...

Answer 39

mRNA of bicoid is tethered to the anterior end

Question 40

hunchback mRNA is translated and therefore the protein is present

Answer 40

only in the anterior

Question 41

Answer 41

A. 5’ end B. Regulatory region C. Transcription start site D. Untranslated region E. Exon F. Intron G. 3’ end